冬小麦主要品质性状配合力和杂种优势研究

利用11个面团流变特性差异较大的冬小麦品种按NCⅡ配置杂交组合,对小麦面粉蛋白质含量、沉淀值及其面团流变学特性进行研究。结果表明:小麦面粉蛋白质含量、沉淀值和面团流变学特性主要受基因的加性效应影响;GCA效应分析认为,在小麦品质育种中,亲本本身品质性状的表现和GCA效应值是亲本选配的重要依据;不同组合间和不同组合类型间SCA差异较大,在优质小麦育种中应根据不同育种目标选配不同组合类型,在强筋小麦选育中最好选用高×高和高×中组合类型,在弱筋小麦选育中最好选用高×低和低×低组合类型;在平均中亲优势和超亲优势测定中,除面粉蛋白质含量、稳定时间和评价值的平均中亲优势为正值外,其它品质性状的平均中亲优势和所有性状的超亲优势均表现为负向超亲优势;不同组合类型面团流变学特性的平均中亲优势和超亲优势测定中,高×高和高×中组合类型总体表现为较小的负向优势或较大的正向优势,高×低和低×低组合类型则表现为较大的负向优势,与特殊配合力分析结果较为一致。

Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis of Main Quality Characters of Winter Wheat

In the experiments,the content of protein of wheat flour,sedimention value and the rheology characters of dough are studied by means of 11 winter wheat varieties with significantly different dough rheology characters,based on NCⅡ hybridization combination.Results are as follows: Content of protein of the wheat flour, sedimentation value and dough rheology characters are mainly influenced by additive effect; GCA effect is found that the performance of quality characteristics of parents and GCA effect are important bases of parents' apolegamy in the wheat quality breeding. The SCA of different combinations and types of different combinations differ greatly. Different combination types should be applied to different breeding goal in high-quality wheat breeding. High×high type or high×middle type are better in strong muscle wheat breeding selection; High×low type and low×low type are better in weak muscle wheat breeding selection; On the test of average mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis, the average mid-parent heterosis of flour protein content, stability time and valorimenter value is positive while the average mid-parent heterosis of other quality characters and over-parent heterosis of all quality character quality are negative heterosis. On the test of average mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of the rheology characters of dough among different combination types, hgh×high type and high×middle type show smaller negative heterosis or bigger positive heterosis, while high×low type and low×low type show bigger negative heterosis, which are in accordance with the analysis result of combining ability.