113份六倍体冬性小黑麦种质遗传多样性

【目的】 研究冬性小黑麦种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性关系及筛选综合性状优异的冬性小黑麦种质,为冬性小黑麦育种、亲本选配及重要性状研究提供理论依据。【方法】 对113份冬性小黑麦8个表型性状采用Shannon-Wiener’s多样性指数进行遗传多样性分析,研究参试冬性小黑麦种质8个表型性状在连续2年的频次分布规律,分析各性状利用相关性及性状间关系,利用主成分分析构建冬性小黑麦种质综合评价体系,通过聚类分析明确参试材料的分类。【结果】 8个表型性状的平均变异系数为13.02%,单株籽粒产量、千粒重、每穗粒数、单株穗数、穗长、株高的变异系数超过10%,其中单株籽粒产量最大为18.01%,粒宽最小为5.09%;各性状遗传力均在85%以上;各性状遗传多样性指数为1.33~2.24,单株籽粒产量遗传多样性最高,粒长的遗传多样性最低;各性状存在着不同的相互关联,单株籽粒产量与每穗粒数、千粒重、穗长、粒长、株高呈极显著正相关,单株穗数与千粒重、每穗粒数呈极显著负相关。主成分分析提取到了3个主成分,累计贡献率为80.43%,第一主成分是籽粒产量主成分与单株籽粒产量、每穗粒数、千粒重有关,第二主成分是籽粒形态主成分与粒长和粒宽有关,第三主成分是株高主成分与株高和穗长有关;聚类分析将参试材料分为4类,第一类包含12份材料,属于高秆型材料,第二类包含40份材料,属于多穗型材料,第三类包含30份材料,属于高产型材料,第四类包含31材料,属于大粒型材料。【结论】 冬性小黑麦综合性评价筛选出表现优良籽粒高产型小黑麦11份。参试材料的遗传多样性丰富,综合评价较好,可有效补充小黑麦种质资源。

Genetic Diversity of 113 Hexaploid Winter Triticale Germplasms

【Objective】 This project aims to analyze the genetic diversity relationship of phenotypic traits of winter triticale germplasm resources and screen out winter triticale germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits, which might provide theoretical basis for winter small rye breeding, parental selection and in-depth research on important traits.【Methods】 The Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 8 phenotypic traits of 113 winter triticale germplasm, and the frequency distribution law of the 8 phenotypic traits of the tested winter triticale germplasm was analyzed at the Shihezi University Experimental Station for two consecutive years. Also, correlation analysis of various traits was used to clarify the intertrait relations and the comprehensive evaluation system of winter small rye germplasm was constructed using principal component analysis, and the classification of reference materials was clarified by cluster analysis.【Results】 The average coefficient of variation of 8 phenotypic traits was 13.02%, and the coefficient of variation of grain yield per plant, thousand-grain weight, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per plant, spike length, and plant height exceeded 10%, among which, the maximum of the grain yield per plant was 18.01%, and the minimum was 5.09%; the heritability of each trait was more than 85%; the genetic diversity index of each trait was between 1.33 and 2.24, the genetic diversity of single plant grain yield was the highest, and the genetic diversity of grain length was the lowest; Correlation analysis showed that there were different correlations among the various traits. The grain yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the number of grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, spike length, grain length, and plant height. The numbers showed a very significant negative correlation. Principal component analysis extracted three principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.43%. The first principal component was the main component of grain yield, which was related to the grain yield per plant, the number of grains per ear, and the thousand-grain weight. The second principal component was the principal component of grain morphology. It was related to the grain length and grain width. The third principal component was that the main component of plant height was related to plant height and ear length; cluster analysis divided the tested materials into 4 categories. The first category contained 12 materials, belonging to high-stem materials. The second category contained 40 materials, which were multi-spike-type materials. The third category contained 30 materials, which were high-yield materials, and the fourth category contained 31 materials, which were large-grain materials.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive evaluation of winter triticale has selected 11 triticale with good grain and high yield. The tested materials have rich genetic diversity and good comprehensive evaluation, which can effectively supplement the germplasm resources of triticale.