不同音乐对伊犁马运动性能及心率变异性的影响

【目的】研究不同音乐对新疆伊犁马运动性能及心率变异性(HRV)的影响,为音乐应用于伊犁马赛前状态的调节提供理论参考。【方法】以20匹3~5岁的伊犁马为研究对象,赛前测定伊犁马在轻音乐、民族音乐及摇滚乐条件下的HRV数据,赛后测定800 m速度赛成绩,分析R-R周期的时域、频域、非线性特征及成绩的变化规律。【结果】摇滚乐组竞赛用时极显著低于对照组及轻音乐组(P<0.01),显著低于民族音乐组(P<0.05),民族音乐组竞赛用时显著低于对照组(P<0.05);轻音乐组SDNN、RMSSD、pNN50、VLF、LF、HF、SD₁及SD₂均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),民族音乐组Mean HR显著低于对照组(P<0.05),摇滚乐组SDNN、RMSSD、VLF、HF、SD₁及SD₂均极显著高于轻音乐组(P<0.01),pNN50显著高于轻音乐组(P<0.05),VLF显著高于民族音乐组(P<0.05),LF极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),LF/HF较其他组高(P>0.05)。【结论】轻音乐组、民族音乐组马匹赛前副交感神经占主导,安抚马匹情绪,提高马匹福利;摇滚乐组马匹赛前交感神经占主导,提高马匹兴奋性,增强比赛动机,且交感-副交感神经系统的均衡性相对较好,更有利于伊犁马发挥出更好的参赛状态,将此种音乐适当应用到伊犁马训练中,为800 m速度赛成绩的提高起到积极的作用。

Effects of Different Music on Exercise Performance and Heart Rate Variability of Yili Horse

【Objective】 To study the influence of different music on the exercise performance and heart rate variability (HRV) of Yili horses in the hope of providing a theoretical reference for the application of music to adjust the pre-race state in Yili horses. 【Methods】 20 Yili horses aged 3-5 years were talem as the research object, the HRV data of the horses under the conditions of light music, folk music and rock music were measured before the competition, and the results of 800 m speed competition were measured after the competition. The time domain, frequency domain, nonlinear characteristics and change law of results of R-R cycle were analyzed. 【Results】 The competition time of rock music group was extremely significantly lower than that of control group and light music group (P<0.01), significantly lower than that of folk music group (P<0.05), and significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05); SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, VLF, LF, HF, SD₁ and SD₂ in the light music group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), mean HR in the folk music group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), SDNN, RMSSD, VLF, HF, SD₁ and SD₂ in the rock music group were significantly higher than those in the light music group (P<0.01), pNN50 was significantly higher than those in the light music group (P<0.05), VLF was significantly higher than those in the folk music group (P<0.05), and LF was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), LF/HF was higher than other groups (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, the light music group and the folk music group are dominated by the parasympathetic nerve before the race, which calms the horses' mood and improves the horses' welfare; The sympathetic nerves of the horses in the rock music group are dominant before the race, which can improve the excitement of the horses and enhance the competition motivation, and the balance of the sympathetic parasympathetic nervous system is relatively good, which is more conducive to the competition state of Yili horses. The appropriate application of this music in Yili horse training plays a positive role in improving the performance of 800 m speed race.