天山大峡谷国家森林公园土地景观格局及生态风险分析

【目的】研究土地景观格局变化和生态风险进行分析评价,为天山大峡谷国家森林公园生态建设提供依据。【方法】以研究区1990年、2000年、2010年和2018年4期土地利用数据,利用ArcGIS和Fragstats软件计算分析景观格局指数和生态风险指数,进行景观生态风险评价。【结果】1990-2018年,区域以耕地、林地和草地为主要生态景观类型,占总面积85.5%,草地和未利用地生态景观面积大幅增加(7 894.7 hm²和4 684.12 hm²),其中耕地、林地、水域面积减少(1 556、5 898.54和6 240.73 hm²);区域内景观格局指数中斑块数量、斑块密度、最大斑块指数、蔓延度及聚集度指数呈现上升的趋势;研究期内低、中低风险区面积增加(59.60和35.72 hm²),中、高和较高风险区面积减少(6.57 、32.14和56.62 hm²)。【结论】整体景观生态风险指数减小,生态环境呈现好的趋势发展;较高和高风险区向东南方向转移,低和较低风险区向南部和东北部转移。

Land Landscape Pattern and Ecological Risk Analysis of Tianshan Grand Canyon National Forest Park

【Objective】 By analyzing and evaluating the changes of land landscape pattern and ecological risks in the study area, it provides a basis for the ecological construction and rational development of Tianshan Grand Canyon National Forest Park.【Method】 Using ArcGIS and Fragstats software to calculate and analyze the landscape pattern index and ecological risk index, based on the land use data of the study area in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018, to conduct landscape ecological risk assessment.【Result】 From 1990 to 2018, cultivated land, forest land and grassland were the main ecological landscape types in the region, accounting for 85.5% of the total area. The ecological landscape area of grassland and unused land increased significantly (7,894.7and 4,684.12 hm²), of which the area of cultivated land, forest land and water area decreased. (1,556, 5,898.54, 6,240.73 hm²); the number of patches, patch density, maximum patch index, spread and aggregation index in the regional landscape pattern index showed an upward trend; the area of low, medium and low risk areas during the study period increased (59.60 and 35.72 hm²), and the area of medium, high and high risk areas decreased (6.57, 32.14, 56.62 hm²).【Conclusion】 According to the research and analysis of this data, the overall landscape ecological risk index has decreased, and the ecological environment has shown a good trend of development; South and Northeast transfer.