深松对叶丛生长期甜菜形态结构特性及生物量积累特性的影响

【目的】研究深松深度对新疆南疆甜菜叶丛生长期植株形态结构及生物量积累影响,为新疆南疆甜菜田合理耕作层的构建提供依据。【方法】采用大田随机区组试验设计,设置4个处理,深松深度分别为35 cm(S₃₅)、45 cm(S₄₅)、55 cm(S₅₅)处理,未作深松处理作对照(CK),研究不同深松深度对甜菜叶丛生长期植株形态结构特性、各器官生物量积累的影响,分析叶片、叶柄形态结构特性与块根形态指标的相关性。【结果】甜菜叶丛生长期叶片长、叶片宽、叶片鲜重、叶柄长、叶柄粗及叶柄鲜重均随叶序的增加呈先增后降的趋势,其中L₅叶片出现最大值,可作为功能叶,且深松深度为55 cm促进甜菜叶丛生长期功能叶片和叶柄的生长。深松55 cm与对照(CK)相比,甜菜叶丛期块根长、块根直径、块根围及块根鲜重显著(P<0.05)增加了25.93%、25.59%、30.15%、19.19%,使单株总鲜重和叶片鲜重比例分别增加了29.99%、9.96%,降低甜菜块根鲜重比例和根冠比8.35%、14.29%。【结论】在新疆南疆深松深度为55 cm能有效促进甜菜叶丛生长期叶片生长,增加甜菜叶片生物量(源)的积累。

Effects of Subsoiling on the Characteristics of Morphological Structure and Biomass Accumulation of Sugar Beet in Long-term Leaf Cluster

【Objective】 To study the effects of subsoiling depth on the plant morphological structure and biomass accumulation of sugar beet during the growth period in southern Xinjiang, so as to provide a basis for the construction of reasonable tillage layer of sugar beet field in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 A field randomized block design was used in this study and four subsoiling treatments were set: 35 cm (S₃₅), 45 cm (S₄₅) and 55 cm (S₅₅) to study the effects of different subsoiling depths on plant morphological structure characteristics, biomass accumulation of various organs, and the correlation between morphological structure characteristics of leaves and petioles and morphological indexes of root tubers. 【Results】 The leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight, petiole length, petiole diameter and petiole fresh weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of leaf order during the growth period of beet leaf cluster, among which, the maximum value of L₅ leaf appeared, which could be used as functional leaf and the subsoiling depth of 55 cm promoted the growth of long-term functional leaf and petiole of beet leaf cluster. Compared with CK, the root length, root diameter, root girth and fresh weight of root increased by 25.93%, 25.59%, 30.15% and 19.19%, respectively (P< 0.05), and the ratio of total fresh weight per plant and leaf fresh weight increased by 29.99% and 9.96%, respectively, while the ratio of root fresh weight and root shoot ratio decreased by 8.35% and 14.29%.【Conclusion】 Subsoiling depth of 55 cm in southern Xinjiang can effectively promote the growth of sugar beet leaves.