荒漠绿洲麦区小麦白粉病发生危害及药效评价

【目的】研究新疆不同区域小麦白粉病发生危害情况,筛选对白粉病具有较好防效的药剂,为荒漠绿洲生态区白粉病的防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用普查方法,调查新疆不同生态区小麦白粉病发生危害情况。运用随机区组方法,定点调查各小区小麦白粉病发生情况。【结果】新疆和田地区、喀什地区和阿克苏地区小麦白粉病发生危害较重,病情指数分别为35.65、35.63和30.82,显著高于昌吉回族自治州和塔城地区;昌吉回族自治州和塔城地区小麦白粉病发生危害较轻,病情指数分别为9.95和6.00。240 g/L氯氟醚·吡唑酯EC和19%啶氧·丙环唑SC对小麦白粉病的防效最好,防效分别为84.94%和82.77%。23%醚菌·氟环唑SC、430 g/L戊唑醇SC、42%苯菌酮SC、43%氟嘧·戊唑醇SC、48%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG和40%腈菌唑WP对小麦白粉病的防效为64.57%~71.12%。【结论】新疆南部地区小麦白粉病发生危害显著重于北部地区,发生程度为3~5级。新疆北部地区小麦白粉病发生危害相对较轻,发生程度多为1~2级。240 g/L氯氟醚·吡唑酯EC、19%啶氧·丙环唑SC、23%醚菌·氟环唑SC、430 g/L戊唑醇SC、42%苯菌酮SC、43%氟嘧·戊唑醇SC、48%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG和40%腈菌唑WP可有效防治小麦白粉病,且对小麦生长安全,可在大田轮换使用。

The Occurrence and Damage of Wheat Powdery Mildew in Desert Oasis Area and the Control Efficiency Evaluation of Fungicides

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to clarify the occurrence and damage of wheat powdery mildew in different areas and screen the fungicides which have better control effectsin the hope of providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew in desert oasis ecological area. 【Method】 General investigation method was used to investigate the occurrence of powdery mildew in different ecological zones. The efficacy test was conducted by randomized blockdesign, and the occurrence of wheat powdery mildew was surveyed in each plot at fixed points. 【Result】 The occurrence and damage of wheat powdery mildew in Hotan, Kashgar and Aksu regions were higher, with disease index of (35.65±0.83),(35.63±1.04) and (30.82±0.91), respectively, significantly higher than that in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Tacheng region, with the disease index of (9.95±0.71) and (6.00± 0.46), respectively. 240 g/L mefentrifluconazole-pyraclostrobine EC and 19% picoxystrobin-propiconazole SC had the best control efficacy against wheat powdery mildew with 84.94% and 82.77%, respectively. The control efficiency of 23% kresoxim-methyl-epoxiconazole SC, 430 g/L tebuconazole SC, 42% metrafenone SC, 43%fluoxastrobin-tebuconazole SC, 48% difenoconazole-azoxystrobin SC, 75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole WG and 40% myclobutanil WP floated in the range of 64.57% to 71.12%. 【Conclusion】 The occurrence and damage of wheat powdery mildew in southern Xinjiang is significantly severer than that in northern areas, with the occurrence degree of 3 to 5. The occurrence of powdery milder in northern Xinjiang was mostly at degree 1 to 2. 240 g/L mefentrifluconazole-pyraclostrobine EC, 19% picoxystrobin-propiconazole SC, 23% kresoxim-methyl-epoxiconazole SC, 430 g/L tebuconazole SC, 42% metrafenone SC, 43% fluoxastrobin-tebuconazole SC, 48% difenoconazole-azoxystrobin SC, 75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole WG and 40% myclobutanil WP can effectively control wheat powdery mildew and are safe for wheat growth. They can be applied in rotation in wheat fields.