水肥耦合对沙培番茄生长发育及品质的影响

【目的】 研究适合新疆南疆设施番茄黄沙无土栽培种植模式的水肥运筹选择。【方法】 以不同灌水量、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥为因素，每个因素设定5个水平，采用四元二次通用旋转组合设计的1/2，进行沙培番茄温室栽培试验。测定株高、茎粗、叶厚、叶面积、叶绿素含量、地上部干重、地上部鲜重、地下部干重、地下部鲜重、根系活力、产量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、有机酸、糖酸比、VC、番茄红素等17项指标，进行相关性和主成分分析。【结果】 （1）中肥低水或中水低肥有助于促进番茄植株株高、茎粗和叶面积生长，增加同化物积累，并提高叶片叶绿素相对含量及根系活力。其中，T₉处理地上部干鲜重较重，分别为72.30和616.70 g，根系活力较大，为917.09 μg/（g·h）。（2）高水高肥或低水高肥时可有效提高产量，改善番茄果实品质。其中，T₃处理产量较高，为8 102.72 kg/667m²；T₅处理有机酸含量较多，为0.65%；T₁₄处理番茄红素含量较高，为15.80 mg/kg。（3）各指标与产量和品质均有一定的相关性。其中，叶厚与番茄红素含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；有机酸含量与叶面积极显著相关（P<0.01）；地上部干重与产量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；地下部干重与VC含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。（4）提取7个主成分，通过主成分的特征值加权计算17个性状主成分因子的综合得分。其中，T₉处理的综合得分最高，为0.695，T₁₅处理的综合得分最低，为0.295。【结论】 T₉处理即灌水量310 mm、施氮量570 kg/hm²，施磷量438 kg/hm²、施钾量738 kg/hm²，可以有效促进沙培番茄生长发育并改善品质。

The Influence of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Growth-development and Quality of Sand Culture Tomato

【Objective】 In order to explore the water and fertilizer management plan suitable for the soilless cultivation planting mode of tomato yellow sand in facilities in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 Different irrigation， nitrogen fertilizer， phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were used as experimental factors， and each factor set of five levels. The greenhouse cultivation experiment of sand culture tomato was carried out by using a half of the general rotation combination design of quaternary quadratic. The plant height， stem diameter， leaf thickness， leaf area， chlorophyll content， above ground dry weight， above ground fresh weight， underground dry weight， underground fresh weight， root activity， yield， soluble solids， soluble sugar， organic acid， sugar-acid ratio， vitamin C， lycopene and other 17 indicators were measured， and correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed. 【Results】 （1） Medium fertilizer and low water or medium water and low fertilizer can promote the growth of plant height， stem diameter and leaf area of tomato plants， increase the accumulation of assimilation， and increase the relative content of chlorophyll and root activity. Among them， the shoot dry and fresh weight of T₉ treatment was heavier， which was 72.30 g and 616.70 g， respectively， and the root activity was larger， which was 917.09 μg / （g·h）. （2） High water and high fertilizer or low water and high fertilizer can effectively increase yield and improve tomato fruit quality. Among them， the yield of T₃ treatment was higher， which was 8 102.72 kg / 667m². The organic acid content of T₅ treatment was 0.65 %. The lycopene content of T₁₄ treatment was higher， which was 15.80 mg/kg. （3） Each index has a certain correlation with yield and quality. There was a significant negative correlation between leaf thickness and lycopene content （P< 0.05）. Organic acid content was extremely significantly correlated with leaf area （P< 0.01）. The shoot dry weight was negatively correlated with yield（P< 0.05）. There was a significant negative correlation between underground dry weight and vitamin C content （P< 0.05）. （4） Seven principal components were extracted， and the comprehensive scores of principal component factors of 17 traits were calculated by weighting the eigenvalues of the principal components. The comprehensive score of T₉ treatment was the highest， which was 0.695， and that of T₁₅ treatment was the lowest， which was 0.295.【Conclusion】 The results showed that the T₉ treatment， that is， the irrigation amount of 310 mm， the nitrogen application rate of 570 kg / hm²， the phosphorus application rate of 438 kg / hm²， the potassium application rate of 738 kg / hm²， could effectively promote the growth and development of sand culture tomato and improve its quality.