不同地面覆盖材料对绿洲苹果园土壤环境的影响

【目的】研究不同地面覆盖材料对新疆绿洲苹果园土壤环境的影响,为地面覆盖材料的科学应用提供参考。【方法】采用单因素试验设计,设置普通无纺布、聚丙烯无纺布、聚乙烯编织布、黑色防水布、白膜、黑膜6个覆盖处理,对比土壤环境的差异。【结果】地面覆盖可使杂草覆盖度降至10%以下,但普通无纺布的杂草较多。对照土壤表层温度峰值出现在18时,深层温度峰值出现在24时,铺设覆盖材料后,峰值时间并未发生显著变化。黑膜土壤表层温度日较差为17.36℃,深层温度日较差为5.66℃,均大于对照。地布降低了土壤温度及日较差,地膜增加了土壤温度及日较差,地膜土壤温度峰值比对照高2.1~5.3℃。土壤湿度在下午17时最大,各覆盖处理的土壤日均湿度与对照差异不显著,土壤碱性和盐分含量也与对照差异不显著。对照土壤温度与湿度显著正相关,土壤湿度与酸碱度显著正相关,但与盐分含量显著负相关。与对照相比,地布覆盖降低了指标间的相关性,而地膜覆盖则增强了指标间的相关性。【结论】地面覆盖对土壤温度和湿度的峰值有显著影响,但对均值影响不显著。地面覆盖对土壤表层酸碱度和盐分含量有显著影响,但对深层土壤影响不显著。地膜对土壤环境的影响力最强,具有较明显的增温保湿作用。

Effects of different ground cover materials on soil environment of apple orchard in oasis of Xinjiang

【Objective】 Explore the effects of different covering materials on soil environment of oasis apple orchard, to provides a reference for the scientific application of ground covering materials. 【Methods】 The single factor experiment design was adopted to compare the differences of soil environment by setted six covering treatments: non-woven fabric, polypropylene non-woven fabric, polyethylene woven fabric, tarpaulin covering, white and black plastic film. 【Results】 The coverage of weeds could be reduced to less than 10% by ground covering, but there were more weeds in non-woven fabrics. The peak temperature of the surface layer of the control soil appeared at 18 o'clock and that of the deep layer at 24 o'clock. The peak time did not change significantly after the covering material was laid. The diurnal temperature range of soil surface layer and deep layer of black film was 17.36℃ and 5.66℃ respectively, which were higher than that of the control. The soil temperature and diurnal range were decreased by ground cloth, and increased by plastic film. The soil peak temperature of plastic film was 2.1 ~ 5.3℃ higher than that of control. Soil moisture was the highest at 17:00 p.m., and there was no significant difference in soil daily average moisture, soil alkalinity and salt content between the control and treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between soil temperature and soil moisture, and a significant positive correlation between soil moisture and pH, but a significant negative correlation between soil moisture and salt content. Compared with the control, the correlation between the indexes was decreased by ground cloth, but increased by plastic film covering.【Conclusion】 Ground cover had a significant effect on the peak value of soil temperature and moisture, but had no significant effect on the mean value. The surface soil pH and salt content were significantly affected by ground cover, but not by deep soil. The influence of plastic film on soil environment is the strongest, and it has obvious effect of warming and moisturizing.