葡萄砧木苗期对混合盐碱的生理响应及耐盐碱性评价

【目的】研究葡萄砧木品种苗期对混合盐碱胁迫的生理响应,评价不同葡萄砧木耐盐碱性,筛选强耐盐碱品种。【方法】以SO4、5BB、3309M、110R、101-14 MG、河岸7号、St.George、5C、1103P等9个葡萄砧木苗为试材,采用盆栽技术,定期浇灌混合盐碱液(100 mmol/L,NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶NaHCO₃ =1∶2∶1)进行盐碱胁迫,浇灌清水为对照,研究混合盐碱胁迫对叶片光合特性、植株生长及叶片、根系生理指标的影响,根据混合盐碱胁迫和浇灌清水条件下各项指标的耐混合盐碱系数,采用主成分分析、聚类分析方法综合评价葡萄砧木品种耐盐碱性。【结果】在混合盐碱液(100 mmol/L,NaCl∶Na₂SO₄ ∶NaHCO₃=1∶2∶1)胁迫处理下,5BB、110R、5C、101-14MG和1103P净光合速率均显著降低,以110R、5C、101-14MG、1103P降幅较大;110R、5C、1103P、St.George气孔导度降幅较大,胞间CO₂浓度升幅也较大。各葡萄砧木叶绿素质量分数、单叶质量、新梢干物质、总根长、根系表面积、根系活力与对照相比均显著降低。叶绿素质量分数以河岸7号降幅最小;植株生长指标以河岸7号和5BB降幅较小;根系生长指标以河岸7号、3309M降幅较小;根系活力以3309M、河岸7号、101-14MG降幅较小,均在30%以下。其他指标各品种间表现各异;相对含水量以1103P降幅最大;叶片相对电导率以3309M、101-14MG升幅较大,丙二醛含量升幅也较大,河岸7号、5C变幅较小。不同砧木品种11个混合盐碱系数指标转换为5个相互独立的综合指标,提取信息量达93.315%,9个葡萄砧木品种按照耐盐碱性的强弱分为3类。第Ⅰ类属于强耐盐碱型。第Ⅱ类属于中度耐盐碱型,第Ⅲ类属于不耐盐碱型。【结论】河岸7号属于强耐盐碱品种,5BB、5C、St.George 、3309M属于中度耐盐碱品种,SO4、1103P、101-14MG、110R属于不耐盐碱品种。

Physiological Response to Complex Saline-alkali and Its Tolerance Capacity Evaluation of Grape Rootstocks at Seedling Stage

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the physiological response of 9 grape rootstocks to saline-alkaline stress at seedling stage and evaluate the tolerance capacity of grapes rootstocks to complex saline-alkaline stress and to screen salt-tolerant accessions for cultivation of salt-alkali lands and provide theoretical basis for the application of grape rootstocks in this kind of field. 【Methods】 The 9 rootstocks(SO4,5BB,3309M,110R,101-14 MG,V.riparia‘Hean-7', St.George,5C and 1103P) were cultivated in pots in a controlled environment chamber,two neutral salt(NaCl and Na₂SO₄)and one alkali salts(NaHCO₃)were mixed with mole ratio of 1:2:1 to simulate typical saline-alkaline stress,the solution supplemented with 100 mmol/L saline-alkaline mixture was as the treatment,the water without exogenous saline-alkaline was used as the control.After that, plant growth,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf and root physiological indexed were measured.The saline-alkaline resistance of rootstocks accessions was evaluated by principal component analysis(PCA)and clustering analysis(CA). 【Results】 The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of 5BB,110R,5C,101-14MG and 1103P decreased significantly under mixed salt-alkali stress treatment(100 mmol/L,NaCl∶Na₂SO₄ ∶NaHCO₃=1∶2∶1),Net photosynthetic reduction of 110R,5C,101-14MG,1103P were larger than those of others,stomtal conductance reduction of 110R,5C,1103P,St. George were larger than those of others,the same as intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of 110R,5C,1103P,St. George.Chlorophyll mass fraction,weight of a single leaf,plant dry weight of shoots,root dry weight,total root length,root surface area,root volume and root vigor were significantly decreased.Chlorophyll mass fraction of V.riparia‘Hean-7' was less than those of others,growth indicators of V.riparia‘Hean-7' and 5BB were less than those of others,root growth index of V.riparia‘Hean-7' and 3309M were less than those of others,root vigor of 3309M,V.riparia‘Hean-7' and 101-14MG were less than others,all less than 30%,Other indicators varied from species to species,relative water content reduction of 1103P was maximum,the relative electrical conductivity and MDA reduction of 33309M and 101-14 were more than others,the relative electrical conductivity and MDA of V.riparia‘Hean-7' and 5C changed mildly.Principal component analysis was used to analyze 11 indicators tolerance of mixed saline-alkaline coefficients with different rootstocks,and the 11 individual indicators were converted into 5 independent of each other and comprehensive indicators,representing 93.315% of the complete information.The 9 grape rootstocks accessions were sorted into strongly tolerant to saline-alkaline stress,medium tolerance and lower tolerance groups based on principal component analysis(PCA)and clustering analysis (CA). 【Conclusion】 V.riparia‘Hean-7' is strongly tolerance to saline-alkaline stress,5BB,5C, St. George and 3309M are of medium tolerance,SO4, 1103P, 101-14MG and 110R have the characteristics of lower tolerance.