玉米杂交组合性状及产量的多重分析

【目的】 研究32份玉米组合农艺性状与产量多重比较，分析影响性状的遗传因子，选择最有效的育种方法。【方法】 选用4个玉米自交系为测验种，8个自交系为被测系，按照不完全双列杂交设计，组配32份组合。测定玉米杂交种穗长、穗粗、产量、轴粗、粒长、百粒重、穗行数、秃尖长、生育期等11个农艺性状，并采用变异性、相关性、通径、主成分和聚类分析进行比较和评价。【结果】 参试材料的11个农艺性状的变异系数7.31％~69.85％；穗粗、百粒重、行粒数和穗长对产量呈极显著正相关（r=0.744 2、0.733 0、0.621 6和0.634 8），秃尖长与产量间呈负相关（r=-0.012 6）；穗行数、穗长、百粒重、穗高、茎粗、轴粗、株高本身的直接效应对产量有正向作用，秃尖长、轴粗、行粒数本身的直接效应对产量有负向作用；对产量贡献大小排序为穗行数因子>穗长因子>百粒重因子>籽粒长因子。32份材料可划分为4 个类群，依据各类群的特点进行品种选育。【结论】 在玉米育种材料筛选时，果穗行粒多、果穗轴粗和秃尖小的育种材料，要关注百粒重，并与其他性状间的关联，充分挖掘种质资源潜力，选育出优异的玉米品种。

Multiple Analysis on Character and Yield of Maize Hybrid Combinations

【Objective】 In this study，32 maize combinations were used to further understand the genetic factor that affect traits，so as to select the most effective breeding methods.【Method】 The experiment selected four maize inbred lines as testers and eight inbred lines as tested materials，then paired them into 32 combinations according to incomplete two-row hybrid design. 11 agronomic traits of maize hybrids，such as panicle length，panicle diameter，yield，axis diameter，grain length，hundred grain weight，panicle number，barren tip and growth period，were measured and the data wascompared and evaluated via variability analysis，correlation analysis，path analysis and principal component analysis. 【Result】 The variation coefficients of the tested materials for each agronomic trait ranged from 7.31% to 69.85%. Correlation analysis showed that ear diameter，hundred grain weight，row grain number and ear length were significantly positively correlated with yield （r=0.744 2，0.733 0，0.621 6 and 0.634 8），while bald tip length was negatively correlated with yield （r=-0.012 6）. Path analysis showed that panicle row number，panicle length，hundred grain weight，panicle height，stem diameter，axial diameter and plant height had direct positive effects on yield，while bare tip，axial diameter and row grain number itself had direct negative effects on yield. Principal component analysis showed that the contributions to yield of different agronomic factors were in order of ：panicle row number factor > panicle length factor > hundred grain weight factor >seed maize length factor.According to cluster analysis，the 32 materials could be divided into 4 groups，the characteristics of each group were analyzed on the basis of different breeding targets.【Conclusion】 In order to fully tap the potential of germplasm resources and breed excellent maize varieties，attention should be paid to breeding materials with more rows of grain，coarser ears and smaller bare tips，in the meantime the 100-grain weight and the correlation with other traits should also be put into consideration.