小麦农艺措施优化数学模型研究

基于"多元二次正交旋转回归模型"在云南省保山市进行了小麦栽培试验,研究了5个主要栽培因素密度、氮肥施用量、磷肥施用量、钾肥施用量、氮肥施用期的相互关系及其对产量的影响。结果表明,5个因子对产量影响作用顺序为磷肥施用量>氮肥施用量>密度>氮肥施用期>钾肥施用量。磷肥对产量的作用最大,在试验范围内产量随着磷肥的增加而呈直线上升。在山区通过增施磷肥来增加产量是一项高产、低耗的措施,但同时还必须配合增施尿素和适当增加密度,以发挥其更大的增产作用。优化措施方案筛选结果表明,要获得高产,其氮肥施用期以分蘖肥50%+拔节肥50%和分蘖肥50%+种肥50%的施肥方式为最好。产量250~270 kg/667 m2的组合优化方案为:密度14.54万~15.84万株/667 m2,施尿素37.31~39.91 kg/667 m2、普钙43.27~49.77 kg/667 m2、硫酸钾9.93~12.10 kg/667 m2,尿素施用期为分蘖肥50%+拔节肥50%。产量在230~250 kg/667 m2的优化组合方案为:密度12.15万~13.05万株/667 m2,施尿素37.81~39.62 kg/667 m2、普钙41.36~45.87 kg/667 m2、硫酸钾8.27~9.77 kg/667 m2,尿素施用期为种肥50%+分蘖肥50%。产量210~230 kg/667 m2的措施优化组合为:密度11.39万~12.16万株/667 m2,施尿素35.87~37.41 kg/667 m2、普钙36.32~40.15 kg/667 m2、硫酸钾8.74~10.02 kg/667 m2,尿素施用期为种肥50%+分蘖肥50%或种肥30%+分蘖肥20%+拔节肥50%。

Study on the Optimum Mathematical Model of Agronomic Practices for Wheat

The field experiment of wheat was conducted based on quadratic orthogonal rotation model.Relationship among 5 major factors of wheat cultivation:density,the application amount of nitrogen,phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers,urea application period and the effect on yield were analyzed.The results showed that the order of five factors was phosphate amount> nitrogen amount > density> urea application period> potassium amount.Phosphate had the most remarkable effect on wheat yield,and there was a l...