遵义市雷暴气候要素时空变化特征

认识雷暴气候要素活动的时空分布特征是雷电灾害防御的基础。利用遵义市所辖13个县(区、市)地面气象站1960—2018年的资料,对遵义市整体区域、各县(区、市)的年、春季、夏季、3—8月等时间尺度的雷暴气候要素(雷暴日数、雷暴初日、雷暴终日、雷暴期)进行长期变化趋势分析和突变检验。结果表明:遵义整体区域属于多雷区,13个县(区、市)中9个属于多雷区、4个属于中雷区。遵义整体区域年雷暴日每10年减少4 d,春季雷暴日每10年减少1.6 d,夏季雷暴日每10年减少1.8 d,3—8月各月雷暴日均呈不同程度减少趋势;13个县(区、市)年雷暴日每10年减少3～6 d,春季、夏季雷暴日均呈不同程度减少趋势。遵义整体区域初雷暴日有向后推迟的趋势,12个县(区、市)呈不同程度向后推迟趋势,1个县有提前趋势;遵义整体区域终雷暴日有明显提前的趋势。遵义整体区域雷暴期每10年缩短6.58 d,13个县(区、市)雷暴期均呈不同程度缩短趋势;年雷暴日在1988年左右发生一次减少突变;雷暴初日在2008年发生推迟突变;雷暴终日在2011年有一次提前突变;雷暴期在2009年发生一次缩短突变。

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of thunderstorm climatic elements in Zunyi City

Understanding the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Thunderstorm Climate elements is the basis of lightning disaster prevention. Based on the data of 13 counties (districts and cities) under the jurisdiction of Zunyi City from 1960 to 2018, the long-term change trend analysis and mutation test of Thunderstorm Climate Elements (thunderstorm days, thunderstorm initial days, thunderstorm end days, thunderstorm periods) in the whole region and counties (districts and cities) of Zunyi City are analyzed. The results show that the whole area of Zunyi belongs to multi minefield, 9 counties (districts and cities) of 13 counties (districts and cities) belong to multi minefield and 4 belong to medium minefield. The annual thunderstorm days in Zunyi are reduced by 4 days every 10 years, the spring thunderstorm days are reduced by 1.6 days every 10 years, the summer thunderstorm days are reduced by 1.8 days every 10 years, and the thunderstorm days from March to August are decreased in varying degrees; the annual thunderstorm days in 13 counties (districts and cities) are reduced by 6 days to 2.73 days every 10 years, and the thunderstorm days in spring and summer show a decreasing trend in varying degrees. The results show that the initial thunderstorm days in Zunyi whole region tend to be delayed later, 12 counties (districts and cities) tend to postpone to some extent, and one has an advance trend; the final thunderstorm days in Zunyi are obviously advanced. The thunderstorm period in Zunyi is shortened by 6.58 days every 10 years, and the thunderstorm periods in 13 counties (districts and cities) show different degrees of shortening trend; the annual thunderstorm days have a decreasing mutation around 1988; the initial thunderstorm days have a delayed mutation in 2008; the final thunderstorm days have a sudden change in 2011; and the thunderstorm periods have a shortening mutation in 2009.