立体种植模式下有机肥对“夏黑”葡萄品质及经济效益的影响

以5年生根域限制鲜食“夏黑”葡萄为试材，采用“水肥一体化+根域限制葡萄-菌菇+菌渣还田”的资源循环利用模式，进行鲜食“夏黑”葡萄-菌菇立体种植模式研究，试验设置氨基酸肥（T1）、沼液肥（T2）、有机硅肥（T3）、晖茂有机肥（T4）、对照（CK）共5个处理，通过测定葡萄单果横径、纵径、可溶性总糖、可滴定总酸等品质指标，单株收获果穗数、单穗质量、单果质量等葡萄产量指标，以及菌菇的每一茬产量。结果表明：增施有机肥对葡萄外在品质和内在品质的提高有一定影响，但效果不显著；增施有机肥能提高葡萄产量，有机硅肥（T3）效果最好，为766.28 kg/667 m2；葡萄-菌菇立体种植，能提高设施园艺综合生产效益，施有机硅肥（T3）纯收益最高，11220.80元/667 m2，比对照（CK）收益提高58.11%。结论：在葡萄-菌菇立体种植模式下，增施有机肥能够实现葡萄增质提效、农业增效、农民增收。

Effects of Organic Fertilizers on the Quality and Economic Benefits of "Summer Black" Grapes under Three-dimensional Planting Mode

Using the 5-year-old root zone-restricted grapes as the test material, adopt the grape-mushroom three-dimensional planting resource recycling model. Five fertilization treatments were set up in the experiment: amino acid fertilizer (T1), biogas slurry fertilizer (T2), organic silicon fertilizer (T3), Huimao organic fertilizer (T4), and control (CK). By measuring the quality indicators such as the transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, soluble total sugar, and titratable total acid of grapes, yield indicators such as the number of harvested ears per plant, single ear quality, single fruit quality of grapes, and the yield of mushroom. The results showed that the increase of organic fertilizer had a certain effect on the improvement of grape quality, but the effect was not significant; the increase of organic fertilizer could improve the yield of grapes, and the organic silicon fertilizer (T3) had the best effect, which was 766.28 kg/667 m2; Planting can improve the comprehensive production efficiency of facility horticulture. The application of organic silicon fertilizer (T3) has the highest net income, which is 11220.80 yuan/667 m2, which is 58.11% higher than that of the control (CK). In conclusion,Under the three-dimensional planting mode of grape-mushroom, increasing the application of organic fertilizers can improve the quality and efficiency of grapes, increase agricultural efficiency, and increase farmers'' income.