化肥减量配施不同有机肥对烤烟产质量的影响

为玉溪烟区科学施肥提供依据，通过田间试验研究了化肥减量配施烟草专用有机肥和生物有机肥对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、外观质量、化学成分、感官质量及致香成分的影响。结果表明：化肥减量15%~45%配施两种有机肥均未对烟株整体农艺性状表现产生不利影响，且在化肥相同减量条件下烟草专用有机肥处理烤烟株高及节距均显著高于生物有机肥处理；各处理烟叶产值在47944.50~78820.50元/hm2之间，均价在21.83~26.78元/kg之间，上等烟比例在57.00%~68.10%之间，且均以化肥减量15%配施100kg烟草专用有机肥处理表现最佳。在烟叶品质方面，化肥减量15%~45%配施两种有机肥均可改善中部烟叶叶片结构、色度及外观质量综合得分；在化肥相同减量条件下，烟草专用有机肥处理中部烟叶外观质量综合得分、感官质量综合得分、化学成分及致香成分总量均优于生物有机肥处理，且均以化肥减量15%表现最优。综上所述，化肥减量15%配施100kg烟草专用有机肥有利于改善烤烟产量及烟叶品质。

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Different Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

To provide reference for scientific fertilization in Yuxi tobacco area, the effects of reduced chemical fertilizer combined with tobacco specific organic fertilizer and bio organic fertilizer on agronomic, economic, appearance quality, chemical composition, sensory quality and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco were studied through field experiment. The results showed that the reduction of chemical fertilizer by 15% ~ 45% combined with the application of two kinds of organic fertilizers had no adverse effect on the agronomic characters of tobacco plants, and under the same reduction of chemical fertilizer, the plant height and pitch of flue-cured tobacco treated with tobacco special organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those treated with biological organic fertilizer; The output value of each treatment was 47944.50 ~ 78820.50 yuan / hm2, the average price was 21.83 ~ 26.78 yuan / kg, the first-class tobaccco proportion was 57.00% ~ 68.10%, and the treatment with 15% reduction of chemical fertilizer and 100kg special organic fertilizer for tobacco performed best. In terms of tobacco leaf quality, chemical fertilizer reduction of 15% ~ 45% combined with two kinds of organic fertilizers can improve the comprehensive scores of leaf structure, color and appearance quality of central tobacco leaves; Under the same reduction of chemical fertilizer, the comprehensive scores of appearance quality and sensory quality, the chemical components and the total amount of aroma components of tobacco treated with special organic fertilizer were better than those treated with biological organic fertilizer, and the best performance was 15% reduction of chemical fertilizer. In conclusion, the reduction of chemical fertilizer by 15% and the application of 100kg tobacco specific organic fertilizer are conducive to improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.