秸秆连续全量还田对土壤性状及水稻产量的影响特征

为明确稻麦轮作条件下连续秸秆还田配施秸秆腐熟菌剂对土壤性质及水稻产量的影响,采用大田定位实验的方法,以长江下游典型地区扬州市宝应县为研究区域,分析了稻麦秸秆连续5年全量还田以及还田配施快腐菌剂对耕地理化性状及水稻产量的影响特征。结果表明：1)秸秆长期全量还田有利于提升水稻产量,降低土壤容重和孔隙度,增加土壤有机质和速效钾含量增加；2)秸秆还田同时配施秸秆快腐菌剂能够进一步提升秸秆还田增加水稻产量、改善土壤理化性质的作用；3)水稻与土壤容重呈显著负相关,与土壤孔隙度、有机质、有效磷和有效钾呈显著正相关。总之,秸秆还田有利于提高水稻产量、改善土壤性质,配施秸秆快腐菌剂能够进一步提升秸秆还田的有益作用。

Effects of straw returning on soil properties and rice yield

In order to explore the effects of continuous straw returning combined with straw decomposing agent on soil properties and rice yield under rice wheat rotation, the field experiment was conducted in Baoying County of Yangzhou City, a typical area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The effects of returning rice straw and wheat straw to field in 5 years and applying fast rot fungi on the geographical characteristics and rice yield were analyzed. Results showed that: 1) The long-term total amount of straw returning was beneficial to improve rice yield, reduce soil bulk density and porosity, increase soil organic matter and available potassium content, and increase the yield of rice. 2) Straw returning combined with straw fast rot agent could further enhance the effect of straw returning on increasing rice yield and improving soil physical and chemical properties. 3) Rice was negatively correlated with soil bulk density, and positively correlated with soil porosity, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium. In a word, straw returning is beneficial to improve rice yield and soil properties, and the application of straw fast rot agent can further enhance the beneficial effect of straw returning.