人工杨树林对盘锦盐碱地土壤水盐运动影响初探

以盘锦地区不人工杨树林地土壤为实验对象,并以芦苇地、空白裸地土壤为参考。经实验对比土壤性质,结果表明：盘锦地区土壤全量氮、磷、有效磷、有效氮等元素含量均明显低于一般植物对生长的要求,有效钾的含量高,土壤养分匮乏且不均衡；土壤PH在7.08-8.61,呈碱性；含盐量大于1.5%,是明显的滨海盐碱土。对盘锦地区人工林类型进行调查后选择五种人工杨树纯林(小胡杨、新疆杨、毛白杨、银中杨、辽宁杨)为实验对象,对比土壤水盐含量变化。实验结果显示,盘锦地区人工杨树林能够在不同程度增加土壤含水量,减少土壤盐分。增加土壤含水量能力由大到小依次为毛白杨＞新疆杨＞辽宁杨＞小胡杨＞银中杨。降低林分含盐量能力顺序为：毛白杨＞辽宁杨＞新疆杨＞小胡杨＞银中杨。结果表明土壤盐分与土壤水分之间总体呈显著正相关,反映了“盐随水来、盐随水走”的水盐运动规律。

Characteristics of Saline Alkali Land in Panjin and the Effect of Poplar Plantation on Soil Water and Salt MovementLi Xiao-di(Liaoning Institute of saline-alkali Land Utilization, Liaoning Technical University, Panjin ,Liaoning 124010)

The soil of non-artificial poplar woodland in Panjin area was used as the experimental object, and the soil of reed land and blank bare land were used as reference. Experimental comparison of soil properties showed that the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, available phosphorus, available nitrogen and other elements in the soil in Panjin area were significantly lower than the growth requirements of ordinary plants, the content of available potassium was high, and the soil nutrients were scarce and uneven. The soil pH is 7.08-8.61, which is alkaline; the salt content is greater than 1.5%, which is obvious coastal saline-alkaline soil. After investigating the types of artificial forests in Panjin area, five pure artificial poplar forests (Populus euphratica, Populus Xinjiang, Populus tomentosa, Populus Yinzhong, and Populus Liaoning) were selected as experimental objects to compare the changes in soil water and salt content. Experimental results show that artificial poplar forests in Panjin area can increase soil water content and reduce soil salinity to varying degrees. The ability to increase soil water content in descending order is Populus tomentosa>Populus Xinjiang>Populus Liaoning>Populus euphratica>Populus Yinzhong. The order of the ability to reduce the salt content of the forest stands is: Populus tomentosa>Populus Liaoning>Populus Xinjiang>Populus euphratica>Populus silver. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between soil salinity and soil moisture overall, reflecting the law of water and salt movement of "salt follows water and salt follows water".