丽江云木香精油成分提取分析

以云南丽江出产的云木香(Saussurea lappa C.B Clarke)根部为材料,分别将其新鲜和干燥根部切片,通过水蒸气蒸馏和索式提取法(分别以无水乙醇和石油醚为溶剂)进行挥发性物质的提取,采用GC-MS测试其化学成分。结果表明,新鲜云木香含水率为66.31%,水蒸气蒸馏法提取的新鲜和干燥云木香出油率分别为0.11%和0.24%;其次,由2种方法提取的新鲜和干燥云木香精油中共鉴定出82种不同的成分(约占总成分的79.09%~86.32%),其中新鲜云木香68种,干燥云木香53种,其主要成分均含有去氢木香内酯(18.98%~63.27%)、云木香烯(2.29%~11.19%)、二氢去氢木香内酯(1.83%~7.83%),新鲜云木香主要成分还含有木香醇(1.25%~10.95%)。同时,不同产地提取的云木香精油成分种类及其含量有差别,其中云南丽江出产的云木香中,去氢木香内酯含量较高。

Essential Oil Extraction and Composition Analysis of Saussurea lappa Roots from Lijiang

The fresh and dried roots of Saussurea lappa were collected from Lijiang,Yunnan.Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and organic solvent extraction(with ethanol and petroleum as solvent)and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed that the yields of essential oil of fresh roots(containing 66.31% water)and dried roots extracted by steam distillation were 0.11% and 0.24% respectively.A total of 82 compounds were identified accounting for 79.09%-86.32% of total oil compositions extracted by two methods,among which 68 compounds were identified from fresh Saussurea lappa oil,and 53 compounds were identified from dried ones.The major components of Saussurea lappa were dehydrocostus lactone(18.98%-63.27%),aplotaxene(2.29%-11.19%),and dihydrodehydrocostus lactone(1.83%-7.83%).Besides the three components above,the fresh ones also contained costol(1.25%-10.95%).The chemical compositions of Saussurea lappa from Lijiang are different from those from Dali,Guizhou,Chongqing,and contain richer dehydrocostus lactone than those from other places.