化肥减量对小麦产量和肥料利用率影响

为研究化肥减量对小麦产量及肥料利用效率的影响,选用扬麦20进行了不施化肥、常规施肥和化肥减量20%的试验。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,减肥20%处理的成熟期株高、穗长和产量分别下降了8.06%(P<0.01)、12.12%(P<0.01)和17.76%(P<0.01),氮磷钾吸收量分别下降了26.88%(P<0.01)、31.19%(P<0.01)、21.15%(P<0.01)。氮磷钾利用率分别提高了26.11%(P<0.05)、34.32%(P<0.05)、24.19%(P<0.01),氮磷钾的农学效率分别提高了16.92%(P<0.01)、16.61%(P<0.01)、16.08%(P<0.01)。上述结果说明化肥减量20%虽不利于小麦生长,导致减产,但能有效提高肥料的农业生产效率,因此需要合理施肥,开展化肥减量及替代措施研究。

Effects of fertilizer reduction on the yields and fertilizer utilization efficiency of wheat

Yangmai-20 was used to evaluate the effects of fertilizer reduction on the yields and fertilizer utilization efficiency of the wheat.The results showed that fertilizer reduction by 20 percent,compared with conventional fertilization,reduced the plant height,panicle length and yield at mature stage by 8.06%(P<0.01),12.12%(P<0.01) and 17.76%(P<0.01),respectively.The reduction also reduced the absorption of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O by 26.88%(P<0.01),31.19%(P<0.01) and 21.15%(P<0.01),respectively.Nevertheless,the utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency of N,P,and K increased by 26.11%(P<0.05),34.32%(P<0.05),24.19(P<0.01),16.92%(P<0.01),16.61%(P<0.01) and 16.08%(P<0.01),respectively.The above results indicate that although fertilizer reduction by 20 percent is not conducive to wheat growth and leads to yield reduction,it can effectively improve the agricultural production efficiency of fertilizer.Therefore,it is necessary to apply fertilizer reasonably and carry out further research on fertilizer reduction and alternative measures.