旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术肥料效应研究

采用多点田间小区试验研究了不同旱作区小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的肥料效益。结果表明，全膜覆土穴播技术能显著提高小麦肥料利用率和肥料利用效率。全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥利用率最高分别为44.3%、24.7%、37.9%，平均分别为38.7%、21.0%、29.1%，较露地条播分别增加8.6、5.1、6.6个百分点；全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥料利用效率最高分别为14.8、25.0、13.1 kg·kg^-1，平均分别为12.9、21.2、12.3 kg·kg^-1，较露地条播分别增长29.0%、31.7%、23.0%。全膜覆土穴播技术能增强小麦对土壤养分的吸收利用能力，显著提高缺素区小麦的相对产量，从而降低氮、磷、钾施肥依从度。全膜覆土穴播小麦缺氮、缺磷、缺钾区相对产量最高分别为60.0%、54.7%、89.7%，平均为58.7%、52.7%、88.8%，较露地条播分别增加3.7、3.9、2.7个百分点；全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾施肥依从度最高分别为42.6%、49.5%、11.9%，平均为41.3%、47.3%、11.2%，较露地条播分别减少3.7、3.9、2.7个百分点。

Fertilizer effects of whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and bunch planting of dry-land wheat

Field plot experiments were employed to investigate fertilizer effects of the technique of whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and bunch planting of dry-land wheat. The results showed that, compared with no-mulching cultivation (CK), whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and bunch planting (WFM) increased fertilizer use rate and efficiency remarkably. Under the treatment of WFM, the highest use rate of N, P and K fertilizer was 44.3%, 24.7% and 37.9% respectively, and the average use rate was 38.7%, 21.0% and 29.1% respectively, being 8.6%, 5.1% and 6.6% higher compared with CK. Under the treatment of WFM, the highest use efficiency of N, P and K fertilizer was 14.8, 25.0 kg·kg^-1 and 13.1 kg·kg^-1 respectively, and the average use efficiency was 12.9, 21.2 kg·kg^-1 and 12.3 kg·kg^-1 respectively, being 29.0%, 31.7% and 23.0% higher compared with CK. The technique of WFM could improve the absorbing ability of wheat to soil nutrients and increase the relative-yield remarkably in nutritional deficiency zone, thus reducing the fertilization adherence of wheat. Under the treatment of WFM, the highest relative-yield of wheat in N, P and K deficiency zone was 60.0%, 54.7% and 89.7% respectively, and the average relative-yield was 58.0%, 52.7% and 88.8% respectively, being 3.0%, 3.9% and 2.7% higher compared with CK. Under the treatment of WFM, the highest adherence degree of wheat to N, P and K fertilizer was 42.6%, 49.5% and 11.9% respectively, and the average adherence degree was 41.3%, 47.3% and 11.2% respectively, being 3.0%, 3.9% and 2.7% higher compared with CK.