我国东部地区都市现代农业多元功能比较分析——以沪宁杭为例

本文以沪宁杭为例,采用静态动态结合、定性定量结合的方法,对都市现代农业的经济、生态和社会功能进行比较。结果表明:(1)经济功能:自然资源禀赋差异导致农业用地结构相异,并影响农业产业结构;农业产业结构变化率因都市现代农业实施的时间长短呈梯度递减;2010年上海市的畜牧业和渔业、南京市的种植业、渔业和农林牧渔服务业、杭州市的林业和牧业分别具有部门优势度,上海市的蔬菜、南京市的粮食和杭州市的水果各有生产优势。(2)生态功能:以农田生态系统固碳释氧为例的农业生态环境服务价值2010年南京市最低;农业空间布局均优化调整,但农药化肥施用过量。(3)社会功能:三市农业旅游均处于由休闲阶段迈向度假阶段的进程中,并选择了不同的休闲农业发展模式,在解决就业和经济效益上各有成效。

Comparative Analysis of Urban Modern Agriculture Multi-function in Eastern China——A Case of Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou

This paper try to comparative multi-function of urban modern agriculture of Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou for example, and use the method of combing static and dynamic and of combing qualitative and quantitative to comparative and analyze the urban modern agriculture functions of economy, ecology and society. It can be seen that the differences on economic mainly in the difference of structure of agricultural land only for the difference of types of terrain of three cities, which affect the structure of agriculture industry. Ratio of agro-structural change decreases gradually. Advantage indexes of animal husbandry and fisheries of Shanghai are higher, farming, fisheries and agricultural services of Nanjing, forestry and animal husbandry of Hangzhou are higher as well. The production capacity of vegetables of Shanghai and the production capacity of grain of Nanjing and the production capacity of fruit of Hangzhou is higher than that of others separately in 2010. Secondly, the value of farmland ecosystem carbon sequestration and oxygen releasing of Nanjing is lowest in 2010. Optimal adjustment of the agricultural space layout maintains the ecological environment. The pesticide and chemical fertilizer excessive remains a serious problem. Lastly, agricultural tourism of three cities is in the leisure stage towards the holiday stage. Meanwhile, the three cities take different leisure agriculture development models, and achieve results in employment and economic benefits.