亚热带丘陵山地茶园面临的生态问题与对策

亚热带丘陵山地茶园普遍面临土壤贫瘠，季节性干旱严重、外界环境污染、生态组分简单、生态环境恶化等生态问题，造成茶叶品质下降，农药残留等有害物质超标，茶叶生产效益低。夏秋季高温时茶园覆盖遮阳网可降低土壤温度，提高茶园湿度和土壤水分含量；茶园覆盖稻草和种植豆科绿肥在夏秋干旱季增加土壤含水量，增加茶园害虫天敌数量，有效地控制害虫的生长和繁殖，改善茶园土壤结构，增加土壤有机质，提高N、P、K等养分的有效性。建立人工复合生态系统，可有效改善茶园生态环境，增加害虫天敌的种类和种群数量，结合农业和物理技术，做到少使用农药和化肥，实现亚热带丘山区茶园安全高效生产。

Ecological Tea Plantations and Tea Safety Hi-efficiency Production in the Subtropical Hill Region of China

Tea plantations in the subtropical hill region faced much ecological problems, such as:soil leanness, seasonality arid, external environmental pollution, simple ecological component, ecological deterioration, etc. These made tea quality worse, harmful substances such as residues of pesticides exceeded standard, and lowefficient production. Planting arbors around and between the tea plantations(density is 120150 per hectare), or covering the tea with sunshade networks, which can reduce soil temperature and increase the air relative humidity under drought conditions in summer and autumn;some other measures were application, such as :clover is planted or straw is mulched, which can increase soil water content and natural enemy amount and control growth and propagation of pest, and improve soil structure of tea plantations, and increase the soil organic matter and available N,P,K. The studies showed:planting arbors(fruit tree, medicinal plants, ecological forest and economic forest,etc.)around and between the tea plantations, and covering the tea with sunshade networks, and planting clover or mulching with straws, and so on, formed diversity of ecosyetems, which increase natural enemy amount and species, using fewer pesticide and fertilizer, combining agriculture and physical protection, using fewer pesticide and fertilizer, in order to realize tea safety and hiefficient production.