湖南省生猪规模养殖环境成本评估

环境成本作为衡量环境污染程度的重要指标,是环境影响的货币化。利用湖南省生猪规模养殖数据,运用产排污系数法,借鉴农业环境成本评估方法,从生猪规模养殖污染物的实物量和价值量两方面建立生猪规模养殖环境成本评估模型,对湖南省生猪规模养殖的环境影响进行评估。结果表明:2010-2014年湖南省生猪规模养殖造成水体污染、大气污染、土壤污染、农作物重金属污染所产生的年环境成本为25.2亿元,年际间呈稳定增长的态势。由于各县市养殖规模、耕地情况等不同,地区间污染程度差异大,污染物排放量呈向养殖优势区域、密集区域发展的趋势。建立健全成本分担机制,多渠道提高养殖户对生猪规模养殖污染环境的认知水平,完善农村金融供给机制以拓宽养殖户融资渠道,有助于对生猪规模养殖环境成本实施控制。

Environmental cost assessment of hog scale production in Hunan Province

Environmental cost, as an important indicator of environmental pollution degree, is the monetization of environmental impact. Based on agricultural environmental cost evaluation method and emission coefficient method, using the data of hog scale production in Hunan Province, this paper established an environmental cost assessment model of hog scale production, from two aspects of quantity and value of the pollutant, to evaluate the environmental impact of hog scale production in Hunan Province. Results showed that the annual environmental cost of pollution from hog scale production was 2 520 million yuan in Hunan Province in 2010-2014, inlcuidng the treatment costs for water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, and heavy metal pollution. The annual growth trend was steady. Due to the differences of hog scale production and farmland in counties, there are big differences of the degrees of pollution among different regions, with a trend of increasing pollutant emission in the production concentration areas. To help control the environmental cost of hog scale production, this paper suggests: to establish cost sharing mechanism, to enhance the cognitive level of farmers on environmental pollution of hog production from different channels, and to improve the rural financial supply mechanism for farmers to broaden the financing channels.