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我国新型农业经营主体功能定位及结构演变研究
引用本文:孟丽,钟永玲,李楠.我国新型农业经营主体功能定位及结构演变研究[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(1):41-45.
作者姓名:孟丽  钟永玲  李楠
作者单位:农业部信息中心,北京 100125,农业部信息中心,北京 100125,农业部信息中心,北京 100125
基金项目:农业部发展计划司课题“新型农业经营主体结构及其演变”。
摘    要:新型农业经营主体是加快转变我国农业经营方式、建设现代农业的重要力量。各个新型农业经营主体在农业生产经营中应具有不同的功能定位,专业大户和家庭农场是未来中国农业生产的基本主体,农民合作社为生产经营主体提供社会化服务,是连接各个农业经营主体的桥梁纽带,龙头企业是农产品加工和流通领域的基本主体。随着我国农业劳动力减少和老龄化趋势,未来我国新型农业经营主体总量将继续增加,而且结构上将朝着各个主体的功能定位优化演变,其中家庭农场和农民合作社数量增长最快,龙头企业次之,专业大户总量减少。研究阐明了农业经营主体结构优化演变是一个长期的过程,需要政府在法律和制度上合力推进。提出了必须坚持家庭经营的基础地位,重点扶持家庭农场;在农业生产性服务和农产品销售环节重点扶持农民合作社;在农产品加工和物流环节做强农业龙头企业等政策建议。

关 键 词:新型农业经营主体  专业大户  家庭农场  农民合作社  农业龙头企业  功能定位  结构演变

Fuction orientation and structure development trend of the new agricultural management entities
MENG Li,ZHONG Yong-ling and LI Nan.Fuction orientation and structure development trend of the new agricultural management entities[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(1):41-45.
Authors:MENG Li  ZHONG Yong-ling and LI Nan
Institution:Information Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China,Information Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China and Information Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
Abstract:The new agricultural management entities in China are the driving forces to accelerate the transformation of agricultural operating models and cultivate modern agriculture. Each of the new agricultural management entities has the different function orientation. Large and specialized households and family farms are the main producers. Farmer cooperatives serve as the link to provide services for the agricultural businesses. Leading agribusinesses are the main producers in the processing and circulation of agricultural products. With the decline of rural labor and the emergence of aging population, the quantity of total entities will increase. The structure will develop according to the fuction orientation, such as the number of family farms and farmer cooperatives will increase more rapidly than the leading agribusinesses, while the number of large and specialized households will decrease. Considering that the structure development of the new agricultural management entities is a long term process, the paper points out that the Chinese government should promulgate the related laws and regulations to further promote it. It also puts forward some suggestions. First, the household operations should be maintained as the basis and family farms should be especially supported. Second, farmer cooperatives should be supported in agricultural production services and agricultural products sale. Third, leading agribusinesses should be supported in the processing of agricultural products and logistics.
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