旱地玉米全膜双垄沟播技术增产效果研究

采用田间小区试验研究了不同旱作区玉米全膜双垄沟播技术的增产效果.结果表明,不同覆膜方式增产幅度以全膜双垄沟播技术极其显著地高于半膜双垄沟播技术、半膜双垄沟播明显高于半膜平铺穴播,不同覆膜时间增产幅度以秋季覆膜处理最高、顶凌覆膜次之、播前覆膜最低;全膜双垄沟播玉米增产幅度明显表现为:半干旱偏旱区>半干旱区>半湿润偏旱区.三个旱作区秋季全膜双垄春季沟播玉米较对照播前半膜平铺穴播(下同)增产率分别为48.1%、39.6%和34.3%,顶凌全膜双垄春季沟播玉米较对照增产率分别为40.6%、35.0%和31.7%,播前全膜双垄沟播玉米较对照增产率分别为35.0%、30.3%和28.0%;全膜双垄沟播玉米增产量则表现为:半湿润偏早区明显高于半干旱区,半干旱区又明显高于半干旱偏旱区,特别是年降雨600mm的旱作区秋季、顶凌全膜双垄春季沟播玉米产量分别达到12375.0kg/hm~2、12192.0kg/hm~2,达到了旱作玉米超高产.

Effects of Yield-increasing on Techniques of Whole Plastic-film Mulching on Double Ridges and Planting in Catchment Furrows of Dry-land Maize

Field plot experiments were employed to investigate yield-increasing effects for the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows of maize under different film mulching modes in different arid areas. The results showed that seeing from different film mulching modes, yield-increasing extent of whole mulching on double ridges was significantly higher than that of half mulching on double ridges, and half mulching on double ridges was remarkably higher than half fiat mulching; seeing from different film mulching times, yield-increasing extent of autumn mulching was much higher than that of early spring mulching, and early spring mulching was much higher than sowing mulching. The yield-increasing degrees of whole mulching on double ridges in semi-arid to the arid side areas were evidently higher than those in semi-arid area, and semi-arid areas were evidently higher than semi-humid to the arid side areas. Compared with the conventional film mulching cultivation (half flat mulching before sowing), the yield-increasing rates of autumn double ridges whole mulching were 48,1%, 39.6% and 34.3% respectively, the yield-increasing rates of early spring double ridges whole mulching were 40.6%, 35.0% and 31.7% respectively, and the yield-increasing rates of sowing double ridges whole mulching were 35.0%, 30.3% and 28.0% respectively in these three arid areas. The increased yields of whole mulching on double ridges in semi-humid to the arid side areas were evidently higher than that in semi-arid areas, and semi-arid areas were evidently higher than semi-arid to the arid side areas. Especially in the arid area which annual rainfall is 600mm, the maize yields of autumn whole mulching on double ridges and early spring whole mulching on double ridges were 12375.0kg/hm~2 and12192.0kg/hm~2 respectively, which reached super high-yields in dry-land maize.