我国食用葵生产率增长的源泉分析——基于主产省区定点监测样本数据

提升食用葵的生产率是推动其产业可持续发展与保障我国油料作物安全的有效路径。基于国家特色油料产业技术体系的农户调查数据，运用较前沿的GML和EBM模型，分析了我国食用葵全要素生产率变化的整体情况及其在不同产区和生产者上的差异表现，探讨了其中的驱动因素。结果表明，食用葵的生产率整体上正表现出明显的增长趋势，技术效率改进是其中的最主要动力，进一步减少技术效率损失的重点在于改进劳动与物质生产资料的投入规模。在地域上，黑龙江、宁夏、河北和吉林4地是推动食用葵生产率快速增长的最主要产区，而陕西食用葵的生产率正面临着下降的压力。各主要产区稳定增长并提升增速的关键在于，立足当地的自然资源禀赋实现种植面积的改进。在主体上，中青年生产者是推动生产率增长的中坚力量，实现其技术效率与生产率进一步提升的关键是劳动投入的改进，而推动老年生产者生产率增长的重点在于物质生产资料投入上的节本增效。对此，应当进一步加强先进生产技术的研发与应用，优化食用葵生产的空间布局，在积极培育新型经营主体的同时，用活土地托管等生产社会化服务。

Analysis on the source of productivity growth of edible sunflower seeds based on a sample data of fixed survey points in major producing areas

Improving the productivity of edible sunflower seeds is an effective way to promote the sustainable development of edible sunflower seed industry and to ensure the safety of oil crops in China. Based on a survey data of farmers in national characteristic oil industry technology system, this paper examined the overall change of the total factor productivity (TFP) of edible sunflower seeds and the differences among different production areas and among different producers, and analyzed the main driving factors by the advanced GML and EBM models. Results show that: in general, the productivity of edible sunflower seeds in China is showing an obvious growth trend, the technical efficiency improvement is the most important driving force, and the path to further reducing the technical efficiency loss is to focus on improving the input scales of labor and material means of production. In terms of region, Heilongjiang, Ningxia, Hebei and Jilin are the main production areas to promote the rapid growth of edible sunflower productivity in China; while the productivity of edible sunflower seeds in Shaanxi began to face downward pressure. The key to increasing stable growth rates of major production areas lies in the improvement of planting areas based on local natural resource endowments. In addition, young and middle-aged producers are the backbone to promote productivity growth. The key to further improving their technical efficiency and productivity lies in the improvement of labor input, and the key to promoting the productivity growth of elderly producers is the cost saving and efficiency increasing of material means of production. In summary, this paper suggests further strengthening the research, development, and application of advanced production technology, optimizing the spatial layout of edible sunflower seed production, actively cultivating new management entities, and effectively using land trusteeship and other production socialized services.