我国南方水稻生产变化和特点及稳定发展的政策建议

本文分析了我国南方水稻生产的发展变化历程和特点,认为南方水稻存在生产地位下降、“双改单”难以有效逆转、“粳稻化”趋势显现、长江中游成为新的增长级等特点;指出南方水稻存在资源约束困境难以摆脱、技术瓶颈短期内难以突破、小规模生产格局难以改变、普惠制补贴政策效应难以持续等问题。提出稳定南方水稻生产,要继续稳定种植面积、强化科技能力、培育新型主体、调整政策取向。

Characteristics of Rice Production in South China and Policy Proposals for Its Steady Development

This paper analyzes the development course and characteristics of rice production in South China. Rice production in South China is facing serious situations such as the production decline, inefficient recovery from single cropping rice to double cropping rice, and the preference of japonica to indica rice. From a long term point of view, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River will becoming increasingly important for rice production in South China in future. It is pointed out that rice production in South China is restricted by the natural and labor resources, the technical bottlenecks, the small-scale production pattern, and unsustainable incentive by Grain Subsidy Policy (GSP). Taken together, we propose that for the steady development of rice production in South China, we should maintain the rice planting areas, intensify the scientific technologies in variety breeding and cultivation, develop new managements and services, and adjust the orientation of agro-policies.