土地整理项目对乡村景观多样性的影响研究——以信丰县大塘埠镇土地整理项目为例

在地理信息系统和景观分析软件Fragstats3．3的支持下，以江西省信丰县大塘埠镇土地整理项目为例，采用斑块多样性（斑块大小和数量、斑块形状）、景观类型多样性（多样性指数、均匀度、优势度）、景观格局多样性（破碎度、聚集度）等指标，分析了土地整理项目实施前后项目区景观多样性的变化：项目区以耕地（水田和旱地）为基质的状况进一步加强，斑块类型和数目明显减少，斑块形状趋于简单，多样性指数、均匀度指数和破碎度降低，土地集中连片，优势度和聚集度增加，项目区总体景观多样性降低。景观多样性变化的结果表明，土地整理项目的实施一方面提高了整理区域社会经济效益，另一方面也导致了局部生态环境效益的下降，以耕地数量增长为主的土地整理模式应该转变为以土地质量的提高为主．综合考虑土地搭理对区域景观生态的影响。

On Rural Landscape Diversity Affected by Land Consolidation Projects--A Case in Datangbu Land Consolidation Project in Xinfeng County

In support of GIS and Fragstats3.3,this paper analyzes the changes of landscape diversity before and after land consolidation projects(LCPs),taking Datangbu LCP in Xinfeng county Jiangxi province as a case.The indices of patch area,patch perimetre,patch area percentage,patch shape index,Shannon's diversity,Shannon's evenness,dominance,fragmentation and cogtation are introduced to describe the characteristics of patch diversity,landscape type diversity and landscpe pattern diversity.The changes of landscape diversity include that the patch types and patch numbers are reduced,patch shape becomes to single,Shannon's diversity index,Evenness index and fragmentation index decrease,dominence index and cogtation index increase.With the patch area being extending,the situation of cultivate land being matrix is intensified.The results show that the LCP improved the benefits of society and economy one side,another side it led ecological benefits to fall off partly.The land consolidation model which focus on increasing cultivate land areas should be converted to enhancing land quality,taking into acount the impacts of landscape ecology by LCPs.