三峡工程对洞庭湖湿地植被演替的影响

三峡工程运行后,洞庭湖的水文环境发生了很大改变,进而影响到湿地植被组成和群落演替。本文以洞庭湖湿地植被区系组成、植被分布格局及演替规律为基础,从水位年内和年间变化、极端高洪水位及其持续时间、泥沙淤积速率等三个方面,论述了三峡工程对洞庭湖湿地植被演替的影响,并指出今后应加强湿地植被生态过程及功能、湿地植被演替的调控机理研究,同时重视洞庭湖自身的地质演化。

Effects of Three-Gorge Project on Succession of Wetland Vegetation in Dongting Lake

The hydrological environments of Dongting Lake will be greatly affected by the operation of Three-Gorge Project, which in turn influences the succession of wetland vegetations. On the basis of floral composition, distribution pattern and succession rule of Dongting Lake vegetations, the effects of Three-Gorge Project on the succession of wetland vegetation were reviewed from the changes of water level within year, the water level and duration of extreme flooding, and sedimentation rate in the Dongting Lake. Further researches should be focused on the changes of ecological processes and functions, and the regulating mechanisms of vegetation succession after the operation of Three-Gorge Project. Meanwhile, geological evolution of Dongting Lake should also be emphasized.