生物质炭基肥对宁夏中部干旱区玉米土壤养分及酶活性的影响

生物质炭基肥可以改良和培肥土壤，对促进农业生产具有重要意义。然而，关于旱区滴灌玉米不同生育期土壤养分及酶活性对炭基肥的响应仍不清楚。基于此，本研究采用单因素随机区组设计，设置5种生物质炭基肥施用量：T1（1 125 kg/hm2）、T2（1 013 kg/hm2）、T3（900 kg/hm2）、T4（788 kg/hm2）、CK（普通化肥），分析生物质炭基肥对旱区0~20 cm耕层土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响。研究结果表明：土壤养分及酶活性在玉米生育期内均呈先增加后降低的趋势，其养分缓释特点与玉米生长的需肥规律相吻合。T1和T2处理的生物质炭基肥施用量可显著提高旱区土壤养分与酶活性，炭基肥施用量过低会降低土壤全氮和速效养分含量，抑制个别生育期的土壤碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖转化酶的活性。主成分分析结果显示土壤综合肥力为T2>T1>T3>CK>T4。因此，施用量为1 013~1 125 kg/hm2的综合培肥效果优于化肥，可显著增加土壤养分含量和酶活性，提高土壤肥力。

Effects of biochar-based fertilizer on soil nutrients and enzyme activities of maize soils in an arid area

Biochar-based fertilizer can improve and fertilize soil, which is important for promoting agricultural production. However, the response of soil nutrients and enzyme activities to biochar-based fertilizer at different growth stages of drip irrigation corn in arid areas is still unclear. Based on this, this experiment was set up in a one-way randomized block design with five treatments of biochar-based fertilizer: T1 (1 125 kg/hm2), T2 (1 031 kg/hm2), T3 (900 kg/hm2), T4 (788 kg/hm2), and CK (common chemical fertilizer). The influence of biomass-based fertilizer on soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in the 0~20 cm tillage layer was analyzed at different growth periods for maize. The results showed that soil nutrients and enzyme activity show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing during the maize growth period, and nutrient release characteristics are consistent with the fertilizer requirements of maize growth. application amount of biochar-based fertilizer in T1 and T2 treatments can significantly improve soil nutrients and enzyme activities in arid areas. Low application of biochar-based fertilizer can reduce the content of total nitrogen and available nutrients in the soil and inhibit the activities of alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and invertase in individual growth stages of the soil. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the overall fertility of each treatment was T2>T1>T3>CK>T4. In summary, the comprehensive fertilization effect of the application rate of 1 013 to 1 125 kg/hm2 is better than that of chemical fertilizers, significantly promoting the increase of soil nutrient contents, enzyme activities, and improving soil fertility.