半干旱黄土区山地枣林春季土壤水分动态变化研究

为明确半干旱黄土区山地枣林土壤水分特征,本文对陕西延川县齐家山红枣试验基地春季土壤水分特征进行了分析。结果表明:1)不同坡向枣树林地土壤水分存在差异,阴坡土壤水分最高,其次为半阳坡,而阳坡最低,且不同坡向不同土层间存在显著差异;不同坡向土壤水分垂直变化趋势相似。2)坡位对枣树林地0～60 cm土层的水分影响较大,且随着土层的增加,坡位对土壤水分的影响逐渐减小直到差异不显著。3)山地枣林0～60 cm土层内,不同整地方式对土壤水分影响较大,且差异显著;但显著性随土层深度增加而降低。4)不同植被类型间土壤水分存在差异。0～40 cm土层,枣树林地土壤水分含量最高,且与苹果园、草地土壤水分差异显著;40～100 cm土层,苹果园土壤含水量最大,且与枣园、草地显著差异。5)研究区3种植被类型0～100 cm土层土壤蓄水量表现为红枣(153.03 mm)苹果园(149.26 mm)草地(98.76 mm),说明林地土壤水分涵蓄能力强,而撂荒草地土壤蓄水能力较弱。因此,研究表明半干旱黄土区进行水平阶整地和合理的经济林营造有助于土壤水分的利用且不会造成土壤水分亏缺,相反进行撂荒则反而会使土壤水分含量降低。

Dynamics of soil moisture in mountain jujube forest at semi-arid loess area in spring

In order to clarify the characteristics of soil moisture of jujube forest in the semi-arid hilly area of loess plateau, we analyzed the spring soil moisture of jujube in Qijiashan experimental site, which locates in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province. The results showed that: 1) soil moisture of jujube forests differed between different slopes. The shady slope showed the highest soil moisture, followed by the semi-sunny slope, and the sunny slope had the lowest value. There were also significant differences between different soil layers of different slopes, but the vertical variation of soil moisture was similar between different slopes. 2) The slope position had a great influence on the soil moisture at 0~60 cm soil layer in jujube forests. With the increase of soil depth, the influence of slope position on soil moisture was reduced until not significant difference occured. 3) Different land preparation methods significantly affected soil moisture in the 0~60 cm soil layer, and such effect declined with the increase of soil depth. 4) Soil moisture differed between different vegetation types. jujube forest had the highest soil moisture than the apple orchard and the grassland in 0~40 cm soil layer; but in 40~100 cm soil layer, the apple orchard showed the largest soil water content than the jujube forest and the grassland. 5) The soil water storage of 0~100 cm soil layer followed the order as jujube (153.03 mm)>orchard (149.26 mm)> grassland (98.76 mm). This indicated a stronger soil moisture storage capacity in the forest than in the grassland. This study pointed out that the horizontal terrace preparation and reasonable economic forest construction contribute to the effective utilization of soil water, whereas the wasting land reduces soil moisture content in the semi-arid loess area.