山东省旅游扶贫村发展困境与路径分析——以典型案例村为例

旅游扶贫作为国家脱贫攻坚战略的重要组成部分,是产业扶贫的主要方式之一,是欠发达乡村地区全面建成小康社会的重要推动力量。基于RHB(Resource-Humanity-Benefit)开发战略,以山东省旅游扶贫村为研究对象,采用调查分析法和统计分析法,分析山东省旅游扶贫村的发展模式及其发展困境,探讨旅游扶贫发展路径。结果表明,山东省旅游扶贫以贫困户为中心,乡村精英引领,景区、企业赋能赠权,贫困户积极参与,旅游扶贫成效显现,至2018年底直接带动17 886户脱贫,90%扶贫村的贫困人口受益。山东省旅游扶贫村主要形成了依托景区型、农户自组织型、合资共建型等发展模式。但旅游扶贫村仍存在乡村旅游规划不完善、主题定位不明晰、发展特色不突出、管理水平不专业、政策因素不可控等发展困境。建立立体化的旅游扶贫战略体系,不断提升扶贫村旅游核心竞争力和贫困人口的内生造血发展力是当务之急。因此,为优化旅游扶贫村的发展路径,提出依据乡村发展地域类型分类推进开发;拓展多方合作渠道,聚合多源力量综合开发;打造乡村发展增长极,发挥示范带动效应等举措。

The challenges and the development path of poverty alleviation through tourism strategy: A case study of typical villages in Shandong Province

As an important part of the national strategy to reduce poverty, poverty alleviation through tourism is a main way to help the poor. It is also an important driving force for the comprehensive construction of a well-off society in underdeveloped rural areas. Based on a survey data of some villages in Shandong Province and the framework of the Resource-Humanity-Benefit (RHB) development strategy, this paper analyzed the development mode and the challenges of the villages adopting the strategy of poverty alleviation through tourism and explored the development path of the poverty alleviation through tourism strategy. Poverty alleviation through tourism practice in Shandong Province is characterized by the poverty-stricken households being the center, the rural elites leading the development, the scenic spots and the enterprises empowering the people, and the poor households actively participating in the practice. The effect of poverty alleviation through tourism practice showed that by the end of 2018, 17 886 households were directly lifted out of poverty, and 90% households of the poor villages benefited. The development model of poverty alleviation through tourism practice in Shandong Province mainly depends on the scenic spot model, the farmers self-organizing model, and the joint venture model. However, the poverty alleviation through tourism practice faces some challenges, including imperfect rural tourism planning, unclear theme positioning, unsound development characteristics, unprofessional management, and uncontrollable policy factors. It is imperative to establish a comprehensive strategy for poverty alleviation through tourism and continuously to improve the core competitiveness of poverty-stricken village tourism and the endogenous hematopoietic development of the poor. To optimize the development path of poverty alleviation through tourism, this paper provides the following suggestions: 1) promoting different development strategies based on the classification of rural development regions, 2) expanding multi-party cooperation channels to maximize the utility of capital utilization, and 3) creating the rural development growth base to play the demonstration driving effect.