子女性别对农民工外地务工决策的影响——基于中国劳动力动态调查数据的经验分析

农村改革使劳动力流动的障碍得以消除,农村劳动力不断向城市流动。外地务工反映了农民工务工地决策中的地点选择,对其研究有助于在微观层面了解农民工流动的倾向及其内在原因。利用2014年和2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,运用最小二乘法和工具变量回归方法,分析子女性别差异对农民工外地务工的影响。结果表明,外地务工的农民工收入相对更高,同时家中拥有儿子的农民工更可能选择外地务工。第一胎为男孩将显著提高农民工外地务工的概率,从子女所处成长阶段看,当子女处于婴幼儿和接受义务教育阶段时,子女性别对农民工外地务工影响较小;而当子女处于婚配阶段时,生养儿子将显著提高农民工外地务工的可能性;当子女家庭趋于稳定之后,子女性别的影响不再显著。研究表明,男孩偏好观念对子女性别的影响具有协同作用;当子女处于婚配阶段时,助儿购/建房是农民工外地务工的原因之一。因此,提出营造男女平等的社会环境;积极落实与二胎政策相关的配套政策;进一步推进城乡一体化发展等建议。

Influence of children’s gender on migrant labors’choice of working place:Evidence from the CLDS data

China’s rural reforms have eliminated barriers to labor mobility,and migrant labors continue to move to cities.Understanding the decision-making mechanism of migrant labors’choice of working location helps to understand the migration tendency of rural labors and the internal reasons at the micro level.Based on the 2014 and 2016 China labor dynamics survey(CLDS)data and applying the ordinary least square and two-stage least square models,this study systematically examined the impacts of children’s gender on the choice of working place by migrant labors.Results show that the income of migrant workers who working away from home are relatively higher,and they are more likely to choose to work away from home when they have a boy.If the first child is a boy,migrant workers are more likely to work away from home.From the perspective of children’s growth stage,when the child is in the infant stage and compulsory education stage,children’s gender has almost no effect on migrant labors.However,when the child is in the marriage stage,boy will significantly increase the possibility of working away from home and after the child’s family stabilizes,the effect of children’s gender is no longer significant.In particular,this study confirms that the synergistic effects of boy preference on children’s gender and when the child is in the marring stage,purchasing or building a house will increase the possibility of migrant labors working away from home.Therefore,this paper suggests to create an equal social environment between men and women,actively implement the supporting policies related to the two-child policy,and further promote the integration of urban and rural development.