家庭农场测土配方施肥技术采纳行为及收入效应研究

测土配方施肥技术不仅有利于减少化肥的施用,还有利于控制农业面源污染,促进农民节支增收,是实现农业可持续发展的重要方式。基于理性小农理论,利用东北地区种植型家庭农场调查数据,运用内生转换模型,分析影响家庭农场采纳测土配方施肥技术的行为因素,探究测土配方施肥技术对家庭农场农业收入效应的影响。结果表明,东北地区家庭农场测土配方施肥技术采纳率仅为44.62%,采纳率偏低。年龄对该技术采纳呈现负向影响,受教育程度、农业技术培训、风险偏好、经营规模、土地流转期限和示范农场显著正向影响家庭农场对该技术的选择;受教育程度越高、接受过农业技术培训、风险偏好和示范农场对采纳该技术的家庭农场增收效果显著,经营规模大的家庭农场其采纳测土配方施肥技术收入提升效果最好。研究表明,测土配方施肥技术具有明显正向收入效应,能够显著提高家庭农场农业收入。因此,提出加快健全测土配方施肥技术推广机制,提升家庭农场主的人力资本水平,逐步改善测土配方施肥技术应用的约束条件,完善风险补偿机制,提倡家庭农场适度规模经营等政策建议。

The adoption behaviors and income effects of soil testing and formula fertilization technology on family farms

Soil testing and formula fertilization technology is not only conducive to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers,but also conducive to control agricultural non-point source pollution and to help farmers reduce costs and increase income,which is an important way to achieve sustainable development of agriculture.Based on the rational smallholder theory and a survey data of planting family farms in northeast China,this paper examined the influences of the adoption behaviors of soil testing and formula fertilizer technology by family farms,and explored the income effect of the adoption of the technology by the endogenous switching regression model.Results show that the adoption rate of soil testing and formula fertilization technology is low,only 44.62%of the surveyed farms.Research also finds that the age of the household head has a negative impact on the adoption of this technology,and education level,agricultural technology training,risk preference,business scale,land transfer period,and demonstration farms have significant positive impacts on family farm’s adoption of this technology.In addition,education level,training in agricultural technology,risk preference,and demonstration farms have significant influences on farm income.Large scale family farms have the best income increase by adopting this technology.The study further confirms that the soil testing and formula fertilization technology has a significant positive income effect,which can significantly improve farm income.Therefore,this paper suggests to enhance the promotion mechanism of the soil testing and fertilizer technology,to increase the accumulation of human capital level of family farms,to improve the constraint conditions of the application of soil testing and formula fertilization technology,to improve the risk compensation mechanism,and to advocate the family farm moderate scale management.