亚热带区域水稻耐逆境生态育种的问题和对策

水稻主要种植在我国亚热带地区,高温干旱、淹涝、低温、低磷是它遇到的主要非生物逆境。水稻耐逆境生态育种主要采用分子标记辅助选择和转基因技术,改良的主要对象是杂交水稻亲本。不育系侧重于耐涝、耐旱、耐寒性状的分子设计,同时兼顾抗病性状的改良。恢复系主要开展耐低磷和抗除草剂性状的分子设计,同时兼顾抗虫性状的改良。通过不育系与恢复系的合理配组,获得耐多种逆境的杂交稻组合,利用耐逆境杂种优势。

Challenge and Strategy of Rice Breeding for Stress Tolerance in Subtropical Regions of China

Rice is mainly planted in subtropical regions of China and suffered with the mostly abiotic stress including high temperature, drought, submergence, low temperature and low phosphorus. To improve the stress tolerance of rice, marker assistant selection and genetic transformation technique are adopted firstly and the parental lines of hybrid rice are preferred to be the object for modification. The male sterile lines of hybrid rice are emphasized particularly on molecular design of the tolerance of submergence, drought and cold when disease resistances are considered. For the restorer lines of hybrid rice, improvements are focused on phosphorus uptake and herbicide resistance as insect resistances are concerned. The hybrid combinations with multi-stress tolerance are developed by suitable mating one stress tolerant male sterile line with another stress tolerant restorer line of rice, and then the heterosis of stress tolerance is utilized.