仔猪肠道发育和氨基酸营养调控机制

肠道生长是仔猪生长发育的核心和快速生长的基础。新生仔猪肠道发育不健全,断奶引起肠黏膜结构和功能变化,导致绒毛萎缩、通透性增加、消化吸收和屏障功能受损。氨基酸是小肠优先利用的重要营养物质,通过转运载体进入肠上皮细胞内作用于相应的受体,启动细胞信号,调控细胞内生理过程。氨基酸作为肠黏膜主要能量来源以及合成蛋白质和多种信号分子的前体物,对促进肠道生长发育、维持肠道结构功能具有重要作用。本文围绕仔猪肠道发育和氨基酸利用,揭示猪肠黏膜形态结构发育和断奶适应性变化规律,阐明猪肠道氨基酸感应利用机制以及氨基酸促进仔猪肠道结构功能发育的作用机制,为调控肠道氨基酸代谢、提高饲料氨基酸利用效率提供了理论基础,对促进仔猪肠道健康、提高生产效率具有重要的科学意义。

The intestinal development and the mechanisms of nutritional regulation of amino acids in piglets

Intestinal growth is the core the core and base of pig lets development and rapid growth. The intestine of newborn piglets is insufficiently developed. And weaning stress induces marked morphological and functional changes in the intestine, and generally results in villus atrophy, increased transepithelialperme ability, decreased digestive and absorptive capacity and impaired intestinal barrier. Amino acids are nutrients utilized preferentially by intestine. Amino acids enter intestinal epithelial cells via transporters and act on the corresponding receptors, activating cell signaling and regulating intracellular physiological processes. As major energy sources for mucosa and precursors for protein and some signaling molecules synthesis, amino acids play important roles in intestinal growth and development, as well as the maintains of structure and function. Focusing on the intestinal development and amino acids utilization in piglets, this article will reveal the laws of development of mucosal morphology and adaptive change after weaning, clarify the mechanisms of amino acid sensing and utilization as well as the regulation of amino acids on development of intestinal structure and function. It will provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of intestinal amino acid metabolism and improvement of dietary amino acids utilization and has important scientific significance to improve the intestinal health and production efficiency in piglets.