农村家庭人力资本的减贫效应研究——基于非农就业的作用机制

人力资本是提高农村贫困人口可持续脱贫能力的重要因素。基于人力资本理论,利用2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,分析健康与教育人力资本对农村贫困的影响效应,探讨非农就业的作用机制。结果表明,贫困家庭的健康和教育人力资本水平分别为0.81和4.34,明显低于非贫困家庭的0.87和6.28;健康与教育所体现的人力资本对农村家庭均具有显著的减贫效应,且健康对贫困的缓解作用比教育更为明显。与绝对贫困相比,健康与教育人力资本更有利于农村家庭摆脱相对贫困状况。此外,健康与教育人力资本均能够通过提高非农就业水平进而降低农村的贫困发生率。因此,提出了提高农村贫困家庭对教育、医疗服务的可得性和可及性,增强其基础性人力资本积累能力,合理引导并提升农村劳动力非农就业质量的对策建议。

Poverty reduction effect of rural household human capital: Based on the mechanism of non-farm employment

Human capital is an important factor in improving the ability which can help the rural poor alleviate poverty sustainably. Based on the data of 2014 China Family Panel Studies and the human capital theory, this paper applied the binary logistic regression model to empirically analyze the impacts of health and education human capitals on rural poverty and to explore its mechanism of action from the perspective of non-farm employment. Results show that the human capital levels of health and education on the poor households were 0.81 and 4.34, respectively, which were significantly lower than those on the non-poor households at 0.87 and 6.28. The human capitals embodied in health and education had significant effects on alleviating poverty for rural households, and the health had more obvious impacts on alleviating poverty than education. At the same time, compared with absolute poverty, health and education were more conducive for rural families to get rid of relative poverty. In addition, both health and education human capitals can reduce the incidence of poverty in rural areas by increasing the level of non-farm employment. Based on the above results, this paper suggests to improve the availability and accessibility of the poor households about educational and medical services, to enhance their ability on accumulating the basic human capitals, and to rationally guide and improve the quality on non-farm employment of rural labors.