秋色叶树种在杭州行道树中的应用

对浙江省杭州市(主城区)主要道路秋色叶行道树的种类、分布、叶色的物候变化等进行了深入调研,对行道树种在杭州市道路绿地中的应用现状、物候特征进行分析和讨论。结果表明:杭州市行道树中秋色叶树种有3万多株,其中较为常见的有11种,它们分别为悬铃木Platanus acerifolia,枫香Liquidambar formosana,水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides,乌桕Sapium sebiferum,银杏Ginkgo biloba,无患子Sapindus mukorossi,珊瑚朴Celtis julianae,榉树Zelkova serrata,池杉Taxodium ascendens,朴树Celtis sinensis,鹅掌楸Liriodendron chinensis等。悬铃木、银杏、枫香、无患子、水杉、乌桕、珊瑚朴、池杉、榉树和朴树等有较好秋色表现,应大力推广。鹅掌楸做为行道树秋色表现不佳,应选择适宜的道路环境栽种,并加强养护管理。主要存在杭州市与长三角地区其他城市主体行道树景观相似,秋色叶行道树树种比例不合理,配置模式简单且秋色叶树种分布不合理及道路环境恶劣等问题。建议挖掘本地秋色叶树种资源,改变悬铃木一支独大的局面,增加枫香、无患子、朴树、榉树、珊瑚朴等行道树的数量,尤其是红色叶树种数量,合理分配各秋色叶树种在城市道路中的比例,使常绿与落叶合理搭配,多采用复层结构,合理分布不同秋色叶行道树,注重树木本身生态习性,加强养护管理,尽可能创造适宜秋色叶行道树生长的道路环境。

Aesthetic improvement of fall-color roadside trees in Hangzhou，China

The species，distribution and phenological leaf color for fall-color, roadside trees along arterial roads in municipal districts of Hangzhou were analyzed. We chose several roads which were planted fall-color roadside trees to record ornamental characteristics, growth status, application form, road name, the planting area and landscape effect etc. Results showed that more than 30 000 fall-color, roadside trees found mostly to belong to 11 species: Platanus acerifolia, Liquidambar formosana, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Sapium sebiferum, Ginkgo biloba, Sapindus mukorossi, Celtis julianae, Zelkova serrata, Taxodium ascendens, Celtis sinensis and Liriodendron chinensis. Except for Liriodendron chinensis, others were adapted to climate conditions of Hangzhou and the city road environment，and provided a favorable autumn street landscape for the bright red or yellow leaf color. In autumn，Liriodendron chinensis behaved poorly, must be planted in a suitable environment along roads, and should be nurtured carefully. The main problems included little variety for main street landscapes in cities of the Yangtze River Delta; unreasonable proportions of fall-color, roadside trees; simple configuration modes; unsuitable distribution; and poor road conditions. To improve the situation, we can exeavate local fall-color trees should change the unreasonable proportions and distribution, especially trees with red leaves in autumn; Liquidambar formosana, Sapindus mukorossi, C. julianae, Z. serrata, and C. sinensis. increased; consider ecological habits of trees; and establish a suitable living environment for fall-color, roadside trees. ［Ch, 1 fig. 4 tab. 17 ref.］