藜麦特性及开发利用研究进展

藜麦Chenopodium quinoa为藜科Chenopodiaceae藜属Chenopodium的1年生草本植物,原产于南美洲的安第斯山脉,已有5 000多年的栽植历史。藜麦品种多样,资源丰富,以其极高的营养价值和多种开发利用价值近年来引起人们的普遍关注。根据国内外相关研究,概述了藜麦喜湿热强光、稍耐冻、短日照,穗状花序、自花授粉、种子繁殖及生长期等生物学特性,耐盐碱、干旱、霜冻、病虫害等生理学特性和总多酚、皂甙、黄酮类、多糖、蛋白质与氨基酸、矿质营养素及其他化学成分等方面的研究进展,并阐述了藜麦在食用、工业、农用、药用、观赏价值等的开发利用现状及其存在的问题。建议加强藜麦品种资源、抗逆性、化学成分等方面的研究,发掘藜麦潜在的利用价值。

A review of characteristics and utilization of Chenopodium quinoa

Chenopodium quinoa （quinoa）, an annual herb of multiple species belonging to the genus Chenopodium, is native to the Andes in South America, where it has been planted for more than 5 000 years. Because of quinoa’s high nutrient value and many uses, it has attracted extensive research. This paper reviewed research results from China and abroad concerning biological characteristics of quinoa such as heat, humidity, bright sunlight, cold resistance, short-days, spikes, self-pollination, seed reproduction, and growth period; physiological properties such as salinity, drought, frost, plant disease, and insect pest resistance; and chemical composition such as total polyphenols, saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, mineral nutrients, and other chemical compositions. Then, its present exploitation and problems were elaborated. Overall, research to strengthen species resources, resistance, and chemical components, as well as to explore quinoa’s potential utilization value should be undertaken. ［Ch, 35 ref.］