雷州半岛尾叶桉人工林夜间耗水特征及驱动因素

  目的  研究尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla夜间耗水特征及其驱动因素，为提高大尺度尾叶桉林分耗水估算精度提供数据支持。  方法  应用Granier热扩散探针技术(TDP)，以雷州半岛常见尾叶桉为研究对象，对其夜间液流持续观测，并同步测定大气温度、湿度、降雨量及光合有效辐射等主要环境因子。  结果  观测期间尾叶桉平均夜间耗水贡献率为6.62%，前半夜耗水量显著大于后半夜(P＜0.05)；夜间液流速率雨季显著大于旱季(P＜0.05)，晴天平均夜间液流速率极显著(P＜0.01)大于雨天；旱季夜间耗水贡献率是雨季的1.4倍。旱、雨季夜间液流速率与夜间饱和水汽压差等气象要素呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01)，且拟合方程具有高度统计学意义，但决定系数旱雨季分别仅为0.37和0.35；同时夜间耗水量与当天白天蒸腾量也呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01)，并存在幂函数关系，决定系数为0.33。  结论  尾叶桉夜间耗水贡献率虽较小，但如不考虑夜间液流，根据日间液流通过尺度扩展推算的尾叶桉人工林生态系统年蒸腾量可能偏低；夜间蒸腾和树干补水共同驱动尾叶桉的夜间耗水。图4表2参27

Characteristics and driving factors of nocturnal water consumption of Eucalyptus urophylla plantations in Leizhou Peninsula

  Objective  This research aims to explore the water consumption characteristics of Eucalyptus urophylla at night and its driving factors, and provide data support for improving the estimation accuracy of water consumption in large scale eucalyptus forests.  Method  Using thermal dissipation probe(TDP) technique, E. urophylla, a common eucalyptus from Leizhou Peninsula, was chosen as the research object to continuously observe its nocturnal sap flow and simultaneously measure the main environmental factors such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, rainfall and photosynthetically active radiation. The characteristics and the driving mechanism of sap flow at night were discussed in depth.  Result  The results indicated that the average water consumption contribution rate of E. urophylla at night during the observation period was 6.62%, and the first half of the night consumed significantly more water than the second half (P＜0.05). The nocturnal flow rate was significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season (P＜0.05). The average nocturnal flow rate was extremely significantly higher on sunny days than on rainy days (P＜0.01). The nocturnal water consumption contribution rate in the dry season is 1.4 times that in the rainy season. Nocturnal flow rate was significantly and positively correlated with vapor pressure deficit(P＜0.01)during the dry and rainy seasons, and the fitting equation was of high statistical significant. However, the coefficient of determination was only 0.37 and 0.35 for the dry season and the rainy season, respectively. Meanwhile, there was an extremely significant positive correlation between the nocturnal water consumption and the daytime transpiration (P＜0.01), and there was a power function relationship with a determination coefficient of 0.33.  Conclusion  Nocturnal water consumption accounts for a small proportion of the total transpiration volume. However, if nocturnal sap flow is fully ignored, total water consumption of the E. urophylla plantation ecosystem based only on the daytime sap flow can be underestimated. Nocturnal transpiration and trunk hydration together drive the E. urophylla’s nocturnal water consumption. Ch, 4 fig. 2 tab. 27 ref.]