不同施肥对稻-菜种植模式氮磷吸收及径流流失的影响

  目的  探讨不同肥料对作物养分吸收及农田氮磷流失的影响。  方法  利用水稻Oryza sativa -白菜Brassica pekinensis 轮作田间小区试验, 设置不施肥(ck)、纯化肥(FP)、半替代有机肥(50%有机肥替代，CM)、炭基肥(CC)4个处理，研究不同处理下水稻和白菜产量，作物氮磷吸收量和氮磷径流损失量的变化。  结果  与ck相比，施肥条件下水稻产量显著增加了33.5%~42.5%(P＜0.05)，白菜产量显著增加了26.0%~31.8%(P＜0.05)，水稻氮吸收量显著提高了41.9%~57.4%(P＜0.05)，磷吸收量显著提高了22.8%~41.7%(P＜0.05)，但3种施肥间没有显著差异。与ck相比，3种施肥条件下白菜氮吸收量提高了33.8%~53.6%，CM处理显著高于其他(P＜0.05)，磷吸收量提高了163.5%~267.8%，增幅从大到小依次为FP、CM、CC、ck，不同处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)。稻季3种施肥处理的氮磷径流流失量为13.49~15.32和2.19~2.61 kg·hm?2，径流率为3.5%~4.2%和2.0%~2.4%，菜季氮磷流失量为6.33~6.82和0.35~0.44 kg·hm?2，径流率为1.3%~1.6%和0.1%~0.4%，不同施肥处理间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。  结论  相同养分当量情况下，纯化肥、半替代有机肥、炭基肥对稻菜种植模式氮磷养分吸收及径流流失无影响。图3表4参25

Effects of different fertilizer types on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption and runoff loss in rice-vegetable rotation system

  Obejective  This study aims to explore the effect of different fertilization on nitrogen and phosphorus content in farmland in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province.  Method  A rice/Chinese cabbage rotation experiment was conducted to study the change of four fertilization treatments to crop yield, fertilizer absorption, runoff-driven N and P loss. The four treatments were no fertilizer application (ck), pure chemical fertilizer application (FP), 50% organic fertilizer replacement (CM) and carbon-based fertilizer application (CC).  Result  Compared with ck, the yield of rice and Chinese cabbage under three fertilization increased significantly by 33.5%?42.5% and 26.0%?31.8%, respectively. But there was no significant difference among three fertilizer treatments. Compared with ck, nitrogen absorption in Chinese cabbage increased by 33.8%?53.6%, whereas those of CM treatment were significant higher than others. Phosphorus absorption increased by 163.5%?267.8%, and the increase between different treatments was CM＞FP＞CC＞ck. However, there was no significant difference among each treatment (P＜0.05). For rice, runoff volume of nitrogen and phosphorus under three fertilization treatments was 13.49?15.32, 2.19?2.61 kg·hm?2, and runoff rate was 3.5%?4.2%, 2.0%?2.4%, respectively. For Chinese cabbage, nitrogen and phosphorus loss was 6.33?6.82, and 0.35?0.44 kg·hm?2, runoff rate was 1.3%?1.6%, 0.1%?0.4%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among three fertilization treatments.While maintaining the same nutrient equivalent. There was no significant difference betweenpure chemical fertilizer application, 50% organic fertilizer replacement and carbon-based fertilizer application. Ch, 3 fig. 4 tab. 25 ref.]