油用牡丹‘凤丹’不同生育期矿质元素的动态变化

  目的  研究油用牡丹‘凤丹’Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’不同生育期矿质元素动态变化规律，为油用牡丹的科学施肥提供依据。  方法  以8年生油用牡丹‘凤丹’为材料，测定根、茎、叶以及不同生育期果荚和种子的矿质元素，分析矿质元素积累分配特性以及矿质元素分配的相关性。  结果  生育期内油用牡丹‘凤丹’根、茎、叶中的磷持续下降，根和叶中的氮持续降低，钾和镁在不同器官内变化趋势不同。铁在不同器官内的质量分数均大于其他微量元素，除铜外，其他微量元素在根中呈先升高后降低的趋势。果荚和种子中的氮逐渐升高，果荚中钾和种子中磷呈先下降后升高再下降的趋势。矿质元素的变化表现出不同程度的相关性，其中氮、磷、钾、铁、锰与其他元素间相关性较高；同种矿质元素在‘凤丹’营养器官和生殖器官之间表现出不同程度的相关性。  结论  在生育期内，油用牡丹‘凤丹’从展叶期到现蕾期之前对氮、磷元素需求量大，应在植株展叶前追施氮肥和磷肥；结实期对氮、磷、钾需求量大，建议在开花后追施氮磷钾肥；在植株现蕾期前(3月上旬)追施铁肥，在5–7月种子发育期追施硼、锌肥，满足‘凤丹’植株对这3种微量元素的需求。表7参36

Dynamic analysis of mineral elements across the growth cycle of Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’

Objective]With the changes of main mineral element contents in the annual growth cycle of the Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’measured,the current study is aimed at an analysis of the fertilizer requirement and nutrient diagnosis for the oil peony.Method]With‘Feng Dan’(eight years old),an oil peony cultivar selected as the study subjects,the mineral elements content of roots,stems and leaves were measured across the growth stages of the oil peony.Result]The content of P in roots,stems and leaves,and the content of N in roots and leaves decreased gradually as the growth cycle of the peony proceeds,while the changes of K and Mg vary from part to part.The content of Fe was significantly more than any other trace elements in the roots,stems and leaves,and increased first and then decreased across the growth cycle.All of the trace elements,except for Cu,have showed first an increase and then a decrease in content in the roots.As the process of fruit development advanced,the content of N increased,with the content of K in fruit pods and P in seeds displaying a trend of decrease,increase and decrease.The changes of mineral elements in roots,stems and leaves of the peony showed different degrees of correlation across the peony’s growth cycle,with N、P、K、Fe and Mn closely related to most of the other mineral elements.The same mineral elements displayed different correlations with vegetative organs and reproductive organs.Conclusion]Throughout one growth cycle,the oil peony‘Feng Dan’has a large demand for N and P from the leaf-growth stage to the current bud stage,and N and P fertilizers should be applied before the leaf-growth stage;and there is a large demand for N,P and K during the fruiting period,and it is recommended to apply N,P and K fertilizer after the flowering of the peony.Fe fertilizer should be applied before the budding stage(early March)while B and Zn fertilizers should be applied during the seed development stage from May to July to meet the demand of‘Feng Dan’plants for these three microelements.