重点公益林生态补偿依据从面积到蓄积的转变

  目的  探究重点公益林生态补偿依据从面积到蓄积转变的重要性、难点及着力点，为重点公益林生态补偿依据转变提供理论和技术参考。  方法  选取补偿客体的目标实现、补偿主体的激励性和补偿资金的可持续性3个维度，对重点公益林生态补偿依据从面积到蓄积转变进行对比分析。  结果  相较于以森林面积为补偿依据与补偿目标的偏差，以森林蓄积为补偿依据可以更精准地完成重点公益林补偿目标。此外，以森林蓄积为补偿依据，在激励性和市场化方面展现出独特的优越性。  结论  重点公益林生态补偿政策不仅应该根据蓄积增量确定补偿额度，而且要充分考虑蓄积量的地区化差异，推动实施基于蓄积量的差异化补偿。未来应当进一步探索基于蓄积量的市场化补偿方案，发挥市场对补偿资金的调节和分配效率。图4参29

Change in the basis of ecological compensation for key public welfare forests from area to volume

  Objective  With an exploration of the importance, difficulties and focus of the transformation from “forest area” to “forest stock volume” as the index for the ecological compensation in key public welfare forests, this study is aimed to provide theoretical and technical references for the such transformation in China.   Method  A three-dimensional comparative analysis of the two ecological compensation bases in key public welfare forests that involve the realization of the compensation target, the incentive of the compensation subjects and the sustainability of the compensation fund.   Result  Compared with “forest area”, “forest stock volume” is a more accurate index in the actualization of the compensation goal and displays unique advantages in terms of incentives and marketization.   Conclusion  In the formulation of the ecological compensation for key public welfare forests, the increase in forest stock volume should be the basis of the compensation and regional differences should be fully considered to ensure the execution of differentiated policies. In addition, further explores should be conducted of market-based compensation schemes based on forest stock, with full play given to the market’s efficient regulation and distribution of compensation funds. Ch, 4 fig. 29 ref.]