世界桉树林土壤微生物研究综述

土壤微生物主要通过参与养分元素循环和能量流动等过程来影响桉树生长发育，在提高土壤肥力和生产力方面扮演着重要角色。桉树作为世界三大速生树种之一，种类多，抗逆性强，适应性广。由于生态系统的复杂性和土壤微生物学研究技术手段的限制，桉树林土壤微生物多样性和功能的研究较少，当前对桉树林土壤微生物群落特征的研究大多处于初级阶段。本研究系统综述了不同经营方式、林分类型和林分年龄条件下桉树林土壤微生物群落特征的变化规律及研究进展。与桉树天然林相比，桉树人工林土壤微生物数量一般较少。与桉树人工纯林相比，桉树混交林能提高土壤微生物数量、多样性和活性。桉树林土壤微生物数量一般随林龄的增长而增加，而外生菌根真菌与内生菌根真菌多样性随林龄的增长而下降。分析了土壤微生物参与桉树林土壤养分元素循环和重金属污染修复的作用机制，并对桉树林土壤微生物研究和分析方法及其应用进行了展望。可为维持桉树林土壤健康、促进林业绿色可持续发展提供科学指导。表1参94

Research progress on soil microorganisms in eucalypt forests

As one of the three major fast-growing tree species in the world, eucalypt is featured with great variety, strong resistance to stress and wide adaptability. It is significant to research the diversity and functions of soil microorganisms which affect the growth of trees by participating in the processes of nutrient element cycling and energy flow and play an important role in improving soil fertility and productivity. However, with limitations in knowledge of soil microbial communities and functions due to the complexity of the eucalypt forest ecosystem and research techniques of soil microbiology, researches on the characteristics of soil microbial communities in eucalypt forests so far are still in the primary stage. This study is aimed to conduct a systematic review of the research progress on soil microbial characters in eucalypt forests with different management patterns, stand types and stand ages. Compared with natural forests of eucalypt, there was generally a lower soil microbial abundance in eucalypt plantations whereas there was an increase in the abundance, diversity, and activity of soil microorganisms in eucalypt mixed forests compared with eucalypt plantation pure forests and the abundance of soil microorganisms in eucalypt forests generally increased with the age of the forest, while the diversity of ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal fungi decreased with the age of the forest. In addition, with an analysis of the mechanism of soil microorganisms involved in nutrient element cycling and remediation of heavy metal pollution in eucalypt forests and prospects of future research and analyzing methods of soil microbiome and application of microorganisms, this study will provide scientific guidance for the maintenance of forest soil health and the promotion of green and sustainable forestry development. Ch, 1 tab. 94 ref.]