基于景观特征识别和评价的乡村景观营造模式

  目的  探索符合乡村个性特征的景观营造模式，提出优化乡村景观风貌的规划方法。  方法  以杭州市瓶窑镇为例，从乡村景观特征识别和景观综合评价的角度出发，基于瓶窑镇的空间数据和调研信息，通过ArcGIS对景观特征要素进行空间图示表达，划分景观特征区域，并构建与景观特征相联系的景观功能评价模型，对乡村景观特征区域进行评价。  结果  ①瓶窑镇形成北部山体林地生态文化区、中部平原农业文化区、东部平原遗址文化区、南部平原湿地生态文化区4个乡村景观特征区域；②4个乡村景观特征区的项目层指标得分从高到底排序分别是:北部山体林地生态文化区(生态性景观＞生活性景观＞生产性景观)、中部平原农业文化区(生产性景观＞生活性景观＞生态性景观)、东部平原遗址文化区(生活性景观＞生产性景观＞生态性景观)、南部平原湿地生态文化区(生态性景观＞生产性景观＞生活性景观)。  结论  景观特征识别能为乡村景观规划提供准确信息，鉴于此，本研究为杭州市瓶窑镇提出了4种兼顾景观特征和景观价值的典型乡村景观营造模型:瓶窑镇山地聚落景观营造模式、平原农业景观营造模式、历史遗址景观营造模式和平原湿地景观营造模式，可为乡村景观建设提供了科学依据。图4表3参25

Rural landscape construction model based on the recognition and evaluation of landscape features

  Objective  With an investigation of the characteristics of the the rural landscape, the study is aimed to research its construction model and propose a planning method for optimization.   Method  First, taking Pingyao Town of Hangzhou as an example, with the conduct of rural landscape character identification and comprehensive landscape evaluation and the collection of spatial data and survey information, spatial pictorial representation was carried out of the landscape features whereas the areas were divided using ArcGIS. Then a landscape function evaluation model related to landscape character was constructed to assess the rural landscape featured areas.   Result  (1) Pingyao Town enjoys four rural landscape featured areas, namely, the northern mountain forest ecological and cultural area, the central plain agricultural and cultural area, the eastern plain cultural area and the southern plain wetland ecological and cultural area; (2) Of the four rural landscape featured areas, the northern mountain forest ecological and cultural area (ecological landscape＞living landscape＞productive landscape) scored the highest, followed by the central plain agricultural and cultural area (productive landscape＞living landscape＞ecological landscape), the eastern plain area of historical sites (living landscape＞productive landscape＞ecological landscape) and the southern plain wetland ecological and cultural area (ecological landscape＞productive landscape＞living landscape).   Conclusion  In accordance with the regional and historical features of Pingyao Town in Hangzhou, four landscape construction models have been proposed: the mountain settlement landscape model, the plain agricultural landscape model, the historical site landscape model and the plain wetland landscape model, which provides a scientific basis for other and further rural landscape construction. Ch, 4 fig. 3 tab. 25 ref.]