杭州西溪湿地外来入侵植物现状与防治对策

浙江杭州西溪湿地外来植物计有20科45种,优势科现象明显,其中菊科Compositae14种（31.1%）,豆科Legu-minosae和旋花科Convolvulaceae各4种（8.9%）,十字花科Cruciferae和苋科Amaranthaceae各3种（6.7%）,玄参科Scrophulariaceae和伞形科Umbelliferae各2种（4.4%）,其余13科各1种（2.2%）。外来入侵植物都是草本植物,以1年生或2年生为主,有36种（占80.0%）,多年生只有9种（占20.0%）。这些外来入侵植物严重地威胁西溪湿地的生态系统,影响了当地的生物多样性和本土植物的生境。论述了西溪湿地外来入侵植物的入侵途径,并提出防治对策。

Situation and control measures of alien invasive plants in Xixi National Wetland Park, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province

There are 45 species belonging to 20 families of alien invasive plants in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park,Zhejiang Province. The statistic results indicated that preponderant families were obvious. There were 14 species of Compositae,accounting for 31.1 per cent of the total; 4 species of Leguminosae and 4 species of Convolvulaceae,accounting for 8.9 per cent respectively; 3 species of Cruciferae and 3 species of Amaranthaceae,accounting for 6.7 per cent respectively; 2 species of Scrophulariaceae and 2 species of Umbelliferae, accounting for 4.4 per cent respectively; one species of the rest 13 families, accounting for 2.2 per cent respectively. All alien invasive plants were herbs. Of them, there were 36 species of annual and biennial herbs, accounting for 80.0 per eent; 9 species of perennial herbs, accounting for 20.0 per cent. Invasive alien plants bad significantly threatened the ecosystems in Xixi Wetland and influenced local biodiversity and native plant habitat. The main introduction way was discussed and some suggestions to control these alien invasive plants were also given in this paper.