山核桃外果皮提取物抑菌活性的初步研究

采用甲醇溶剂对山核桃Carya cathayensis外果皮进行提取,并用提取物对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea,番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani,黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporumf.cucumerinum,黄瓜炭疽病菌Colletotrichum lagenarium,棉花枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporumf.vasinfectum等15种病菌进行抑菌试验。结果表明：在供试质量浓度为干样100 g.L-1时,山核桃外果皮甲醇提取物对黄瓜炭疽病菌、黄瓜菌核病菌、苹果腐烂病菌和辣椒疫病菌等4种病菌的抑制率为100%,除玉米小斑病菌Bipolaris maydis外,对其余的10种病菌抑制率都在69%以上。对其中6种供试病菌菌丝生长的毒力测定试验表明：山核桃外果皮甲醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solan的菌丝生长抑制作用最好（半数效应质量浓度为29.8 g.L-1）,其次为番茄灰霉病菌（半数效应质量浓度为31.1 g.L-1）,对玉米大斑病菌Exserohilumturcicum作用最差（半数效应质量浓度为46.2 g.L-1）。利用山核桃外果皮开发植物源杀菌剂值得进一步研究。

Antifungal and antibacterial activity of extracts from the husk of Carya cathayensis

The last research showed the husk of Carya cathayensis contained compounds which can control fungi and bacteries. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of methanol extract from the husk of Carya cathayensis was tested with Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. cucumerinum, Colletotrichum lagenarium, Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum, Pyricularia oryzae, Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris maydis, Valsa mali, Fusarium graminerum, Rhizoctinia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Venturia nashicola and Phytophora capsici by growth speed rate method. Results showed that the extract from the husk of Carya cathayensis in a concentration of 100 g ·L -1 had 100% inhibition rates on hyphae growth of Colletotrichum lagenarium, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Valsa mall, Phytophthora capsici, whereas, except Bipolaris maydis, there was greater than 69% inhibition rates on the other 10 fungi. The virulence test for six of the 15 （Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium graminerum, Rhizoctinia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Exserohilum turcicum, Botrytis cinerea） tested plant pathogens showed that the antifungal activity of the methanol extract from the husk of C. cathayensis was the highest against Rhizoctinia solan with a median effective concentration required to induce a 50% effect （ CES0 ） of 29. 8 g· L-1 ; next was against Botrytis cinerea （CE50 of 31. 1g· L-1）, and the lowest was against Exserohilum turcicum （CE50 of 46.2 g· L-1 ）. Thus, research and development of botanical fungicides using the husk of Carya cathayensis should be studied further. Ch, 1 fig. 2 tab. 10 ref. ]