国外设施农业的现状及发展趋势

设施农业是在人为可控环境下进行的高效农业生产方式，具有抵御风险能力强．物质和能量投入大，知识与技术高度密集，地区差异性显著以及经济、社会和生态三重性等特点。国外设施农业起源于公元前4世纪。20世纪70年代以来，设施农业发展迅速，目前已经发展到较高水平，表现在：设施园艺、集约化生产已具有相当规模．形成了成套的技术、完整的设施设备和生产规范。国外设施农业的发展趋势是：设施标准化、大型化．作业机械化，设施环境监控系统自动化、智能化、网络化，农业生产工厂化，等。剖析了设施农业的内涵与特征，回顾了国外设施农业的发展历程，分析了国外设施农业的发展现状，指出了全球设施农业发展的新趋势。参40

Status quo and development trend of facility agriculture in foreign countries

Facility agriculture is a highly effective agricultural production under the artificial controllable environment. It is characterized by strong risk resistance, large input of material and energy, highly concentrated knowledge and technology, distinct region discrepancy and multiple effects in economy, society and ecology. The facility agriculture can be dated back to the 4th Century BC and has been developing rapidly since the 1970s. It has developed to such a high degree that facility horticulture and intensive production are of considerable large scale and complete technology, equipment and specification. The development trend of foreign facility agriculture is as follows： standardization and large-scaling of agricultural facilities, mechanization of agricultural production, automatization, intellectualization and networking of computer monitoring system for environment of agricultural facilities, industrialized agricultural production, etc. In this paper, the connotation and characteristics of facility agriculture were analyzed, the history of foreign facility agriculture was briefly reviewed, and the status quo of foreign facility agriculture was concluded. In the end, the development trend of the world facility agriculture was also pointed out. Ch, 40 ref. 1