球孢白僵菌研究现状及提高其杀虫效果展望

球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana是目前国内应用最广泛的昆虫病原真菌,但用于害虫大规模防治效果缓慢而不稳定,致使工业化、标准化及剂型加工等方面均存在困难。鉴于此,从球孢白僵菌对寄主侵染途径的10个阶段,蛋白酶、几丁质酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶等在杀虫过程中的作用,TF-1毒素、TF-2毒素、白僵菌素、卵孢霉素和布氏白僵菌素等与杀虫有关的毒素等3个方面阐述了国内外球孢白僵菌杀虫机理研究的现状,并总结出球孢白僵菌制剂开发过程中存在的菌种容易退化和制剂储藏稳定性不足等问题。在此基础上,从酶、毒素、菌种、生产工艺与剂型的角度对如何提高球孢白僵菌杀虫效果的问题进行展望。主要措施有:筛选酶活力强的优良菌株,利用分子生物学技术克隆出毒素基因,并进行转基因育种,进一步研究菌种毒力退化机制,对发酵反应器进行改进与条件控制,提高制剂的储藏稳定性等。参53

Current research situation on Beauveria bassiana and prospects of how to improve its pesticidal effects

Beauveria bassiana,is entomopathogenic fungi which applied the most widely presently in China.But the effect is slow and unsteady when it is used for protecting plant from insects in large scope.There are some difficulties in industrialization,standardization and formulation.So,the authors describe the current research situation of Beauveria bassiana about its pesticidal mechanism on three sides: ten phases of infecting course;function of protease,chitinase, lipase,amylase,etc;toxins,such as TF1,TF2,beauvericin,oosporin,tenellin related to pesticidal effect.The matters of strains degenerate easily and preparations lack of stabilization during storage are summed up.On the basis of these,the authors bring forward the prospects of how to improve pesticidal effects of Beauveria bassiana from enzyme,toxin,strain,production technology and formulation.There are some main measures: obtaining fine strains with active enzyme;cloning genes of toxins with molecular biological technology,then breeding by genetic transformation;further research on mechanism of strains degeneration on virulence;improvement and control on reactor of fermentation;advancing stabilization during storage of preparation,and so on.