油茶果实含油率影响因子研究

油茶Camellia oleifera果实、种子含油率（出油率）是油茶的重要经济性状。多年多点的调查和采样分析表明，影响油茶含油率的因素有遗传品质、种子成熟度、结果数量和油茶林地的成土母质。实生繁殖的油茶林内个体之间果实、种子的含油率变异大而且相对稳定；种子充分成熟是采种的最适期；对果实及种子含油率影响最大的因子是结果多少，结果越多，含油率越低；果实发育期的气候条件与含油率之间，除个别极端干旱年度外，未见有显著相关；首次发现分布于石灰土和含钙丰富的紫砂土上油茶种子含油率相对较高，与国内外有关油料作物（树种）喜钙的结论相一致。图2表4参11

Oil content of Camellia oleifera fruit trees

Oil content in Camellia oleifera fruits and seeds is an important economic trait.Multiyear and multi-site investigations,sampling and analyses have identified the factors influencing oil content,such as genetic quality,seed maturity,fruiting number,and soil parent materials of a seeded C.oleifera plantation.Based on single tree-based mean values,variation ranges and variation coefficients in the oil content of either fresh fruits or dry kernels,strong and stable variations in oil content of the fruit and seeds among individual trees were found.Studies on the relationship between seed maturity and oil content as well as that between fruiting number and oil content showed that seed maturity had a positive effect on oil content and fruiting number had a negative effect on oil content,the latter of which has been confirmed by a regressive analysis.Also except for extreme drought in one or two years,there was no obvious relationship between climatic conditions during fruit development and oil content.Seed oil from trees grown on limestone or purple sandy soils rich in calcium was relatively high.Thes conformed with results outside China that showed tree-oil crops preferred calcareous soils.