库尔勒香梨及其芽变的比较鉴定

从形态学、细胞学、组织解剖学及孢粉学等多个角度对库尔勒香梨芽变沙01进行比较鉴定,探讨其变异来源,以期为生产栽培和遗传育种提供理论依据。结果表明,普通香梨为二倍体,而沙01是四倍体巨型芽变;相对于香梨,芽变沙01的生长势强,萌芽力强而成枝力弱,枝条粗、长显著增大,叶片有缩短加宽的趋势,坐果率和单果质量也显著提高;花期和枝叶生长物候期与香梨无差异,但果实成熟期明显提前;沙01的气孔显著小于香梨但气孔密度大于香梨,说明组织发生层的LⅠ层发生变异;花粉超微结构与叶片组织显微结构均与香梨有较大差异,说明组织发生层的LⅡ层发生变异。多方面比较鉴定证明沙01在本质上发生变异,结合其植株性状的外在表现,可以通过加强田间管理把其作为一个新品种推广栽培。

Comparative Identification of Korla Fragrant Pear and Its New Bud Mutation

This test made multi-angle comparative identification from the point of morphology,cytology,tissue anatomy,palynology and so on to study the variation source of its new bud mutation Sha 01,hoping to lay a theoretical foundation for further cultivar registration.The results showed that Korla Fragrant Pear was a diploid while Sha 01 was a tetraploid bud mutation;compared to Korla Fragrant Pear,Sha 01 had strong growth potential and sprouting ability but poor branching ability,its shoot length and width significantly increased and leaves had the tendency of becoming shorten and widen,fruit setting rate and single fruit mass also significantly increased;florescence and phenophase of branch and leaf growth had no difference between two cultivars,except fruit maturation period of Sha 01 was significantly advanced;stomata size of Sha 01 was significantly smaller than that of Korla Fragrant Pear while stomata density was relatively higher,indicating that the first layer of histogenic layer occurred variation;pollen ultrastructure and leaf tissue structure of Sha 01 had significant difference with that of Korla Fragrant Pear,indicating that the second layer of histogenic layer occurred variation.Comparative identification proved that Sha 01 had essentially occurred variation,and combined with the external expression of plant properties,the new cultivar was suitable for extensive cultivation by strengthening field management.